托福tpo53聽力lecture3 The History of Tea

2023-05-23 15:25:06 來源：中國教育在線

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The History of Tea托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、The History of Tea托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a world history class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Now,according to Chinese legend,the first person to drink tea was a Chinese emperor who lived nearly 5,000 years ago.This emperor was…oh,you could call him an amateur scientist,and he wisely required all drinking water to be boiled,for hygiene.So,once,uh,when visiting some distant part of his empire,he noticed that a breeze had blown some leaves into his pot of boiling water.And these leaves turned the water kind of brown.So…well,would it be your first impulse to drink this?Probably not.But he thought the resulting brew smelled pretty good,and in the name of science and discovery,he tasted it,and the practice of drinking tea was born.

Uh,well,a good story,but actually,we cannot say with any certainty just who first discovered how to make tea.We can be confident,though,that the Chinese have been using it in some form for close to 5,000 years.And,from those earliest times,more and more tea was cultivated to meet the growing demand,and tea became an important part of the economy of China.In fact,it was formed into sort of bricks and used as a common type of currency for trade.But its effect on Chinese culture was even more profound.Tea became extremely popular in China,and scholars even wrote works discussing how to grow tea,prepare it,drink it…really championing tea…one of them saying it was like“the sweetest dew of heaven.”

Now,recommendations like this could only add to its huge popularity there.But tea was also spreading throughout Asia.In Japan,perhaps even more than in China,tea became a major cultural symbol—and one of refinement,of etiquette,and aesthetics,uh,well,best seen in the traditional Japanese tea ceremony,which is still performed today.This is an intricate formal ritual,a ceremony that can take hours to complete.Clearly,tea became not just a beverage in Japanese culture—but much,much more.Tea eventually got to western Europe after European traders,uh,mainly Portuguese and Dutch,brought the first small commercial shipment of tea back to Europe.Unfortunately,it was mostly just treated as a curiosity,since no one knew quite how it was supposed to be used.

A few had pretty some strong opinions,though.One German doctor wrote a book saying tea was harmful,actually poisonous.But at about the same time,another doctor,uh,from Holland,wrote another book calling tea a miracle cure for just about everything.Who to believe?

So,anyway,tea didn’t really catch on in Germany or France as something just to enjoy drinking—they seemed to prefer coffee.But England did take to tea,and to an extent that nobody could have foreseen…such that even today we tend to associate England—uh,Great Britain—with tea.And,uh,well,a bit of perspective—at the start of the eighteenth century,almost nobody in England drank tea;but by the end of it almost everybody did.By the 1750s,official records show tea imports up from almost nothing to about 20 million kilos—and those records didn't even begin to account for all the tea smuggled into the country illegally,to avoid paying taxes.And as for reasons for the popularity of tea there...well,tea first became fashionable after the King of England married a Portuguese princess who loved tea,and pretty soon more and more people started copying her and drinking tea.Later,when a direct trade route was established between China and England,the supply of tea greatly increased.Most important,though,tea drinking became sociable.And,uh,although coffee houses or taverns were generally considered to be for men only,tea shops became places where women could come and even bring their families.And soon there were tea parties,uh,books on tea etiquette and even tea gardens—parks filled with lights,and walkways,and—and venues for musical performances—places where people of all social classes could go to drink tea and socialize.By the end of the eighteenth century,all classes of English society drank tea—from royalty to common workers.Tea became a staple of everyday life—part of the common culture and,uh,traditionally considered by many…the very mark of being English.

二、The History of Tea托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在世界歷史課上聽講座的一部分。女教授：現(xiàn)在，根據(jù)中國傳說，第一個喝茶的人是生活在近5000年前的中國皇帝。這位皇帝……哦，你可以稱他為業(yè)余科學(xué)家，為了衛(wèi)生，他明智地要求所有飲用水都要煮沸。所以，有一次，呃，當(dāng)他訪問帝國的某個遙遠(yuǎn)的地方時，他注意到微風(fēng)把一些樹葉吹進(jìn)了他的沸水鍋。這些葉子把水變成了棕色。那么……嗯，這是你第一次喝這個嗎？可能不會。但他認(rèn)為釀造出來的茶味道很好，以科學(xué)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的名義，他嘗了嘗，于是飲茶的習(xí)俗就誕生了。

嗯，好吧，一個很好的故事，但實際上，我們不能確切地說是誰最先發(fā)現(xiàn)了泡茶。然而，我們可以相信，中國人以某種形式使用它已經(jīng)有近5000年的歷史了。而且，從最早的時候起，為了滿足日益增長的需求，人們種植了越來越多的茶葉，茶葉成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分。事實上，它被制成一種磚塊，并被用作一種常見的貿(mào)易貨幣。但它對中國文化的影響更為深遠(yuǎn)。茶在中國變得極為流行，學(xué)者們甚至寫了一些文章討論如何種植茶、準(zhǔn)備茶、喝茶……真正擁護(hù)茶……其中一人說茶就像“天堂里最甜的露水”

現(xiàn)在，像這樣的推薦只會增加它在那里的巨大知名度。但茶葉也在亞洲各地傳播。在日本，也許比在中國更為重要的是，茶成為了一種重要的文化象征，是優(yōu)雅、禮儀和美學(xué)的象征之一，嗯，最好的表現(xiàn)形式是日本傳統(tǒng)的茶道，至今仍在進(jìn)行。這是一個復(fù)雜的正式儀式，可能需要幾個小時才能完成。顯然，在日本文化中，茶不僅僅是一種飲料，而且還有很多很多。在歐洲貿(mào)易商（主要是葡萄牙人和荷蘭人）將第一批小型商業(yè)茶葉運回歐洲后，茶葉最終傳到了西歐。不幸的是，由于沒有人確切知道它應(yīng)該如何使用，它基本上只是一種好奇。

不過，也有一些人有相當(dāng)強(qiáng)烈的意見。一位德國醫(yī)生寫了一本書，說茶有害，實際上有毒。但大約在同一時間，另一位來自荷蘭的醫(yī)生寫了另一本書，稱茶是治療一切疾病的靈丹妙藥。相信誰？

所以，不管怎樣，茶在德國或法國并沒有真正流行起來，因為人們似乎更喜歡喝咖啡。但英國確實喜歡喝茶，而且在某種程度上沒有人能預(yù)見到……甚至在今天，我們都傾向于把英國，呃，英國和茶聯(lián)系起來。嗯，好吧，從18世紀(jì)初的角度來看，幾乎沒有人在英國喝茶；但到最后，幾乎所有人都這么做了。到了17世紀(jì)50年代，官方記錄顯示，茶葉進(jìn)口量從幾乎為零增加到約2000萬公斤，而這些記錄甚至沒有開始解釋所有非法走私到該國的茶葉，以避免納稅。至于茶在那里流行的原因……嗯，在英國國王娶了一位熱愛茶的葡萄牙公主之后，茶首先變得流行起來，很快，越來越多的人開始模仿她并喝茶。后來，中國和英國之間建立了直接貿(mào)易路線，茶葉的供應(yīng)量大大增加。不過，最重要的是，喝茶變得合群了。雖然咖啡館或酒館通常被認(rèn)為是男性專用的，但茶館成了女性前來甚至帶家人的地方。很快就有了茶會，呃，關(guān)于茶禮儀的書籍，甚至還有茶園公園，公園里燈火通明，人行道和音樂表演場所，所有社會階層的人都可以在這里喝茶和社交。到十八世紀(jì)末，英國社會的所有階層都從皇室向普通工人喝茶。茶成了日常生活的主食，是共同文化的一部分，而且，嗯，許多人傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為茶是英國人的標(biāo)志。

三、The History of Tea托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To give reasons for the rise in popularity of tea drinking in England

B.To trace the historical development of tea drinking around the world

C.To contrast Asian tea drinking practices with European ones

D.To show why tea drinking developed into a formal cultural ritual

Q2:2.What is the professor's opinion about the origin of tea drinking?

A.She is pleased that it was a scientist that made the discovery.

B.She believes that the story of the Chinese emperor is historically accurate.

C.She doubts that tea drinking actually had its origin in China.

D.She thinks that the true origin of tea drinking may never be known.

Q3:3.The professor discusses the role of tea in China,Japan,and England.What does she emphasize as an important effect that tea had in all three countries?

A.The tea trade led to more efficient business practices in each country.

B.Tea drinking improved the health of people in all three countries.

C.Tea drinking became a part of each country's cultural identity.

D.The use of tea supported the existing class structure of each country.

Q4:4.According to the professor,why was tea NOT popular at first when it was brought to Europe?

A.It was of poor quality.

B.Most people could not afford it.

C.Most people thought it was dangerous.

D.People did not know what to do with it.

Q5:5.What does the professor imply about eighteenth-century records of the amount of tea imported into England?

A.They somewhat exaggerate the importance of the tea trade in that century.

B.They show that demand for tea remained low until the end of the century.