雅思寫作流程圖的原則
2023-10-18 09:30:22 來源:中國教育在線
近年來,越來越多的中國學(xué)子選擇留學(xué),那其中雅思寫作流程圖的原則?本文則針對(duì)這個(gè)問題,為大家整理了資料,接下來咱們就一起往下了解吧。
雅思寫作流程圖的原則
第一幅圖的“3w1h”:
When:首先(In thefirst/initial/original step; First of all = Firstly = initially = originally)
What:要使用的主要材料是溫水和糖(warmwater, sugar)
Where: 盛有酵母的容器(yeast這個(gè)單詞很多烤鴨可能不認(rèn)識(shí),抄之即可)
How: 把材料放入容器以達(dá)成發(fā)酵的目的(to activate yeast)
考慮“被動(dòng)+從句”,整幅圖可以寫作如下:
In the first step,warm water and sugar, which are the chief materials of bread making, are addedinto a container where yeast exists for the purpose to activate it. 這樣的一句話既有被動(dòng)句…are added into…,又兼顧了定語從句which和狀語從句where的使用。
第二幅圖的“3w1h”:
When:其次(In the second/following/subsequent stage; Then = Next = After that =Afterwards)
What: 第一次的混合物和更多的水(first mixture, more water)
Where: 一個(gè)放有面粉和鹽的盆里(flour, salt)
How: 把這些材料都放入盆里以形成生面團(tuán)(= dough)
考慮“被動(dòng)+從句”,整幅圖可以寫作如下:
In the subsequentstage, a pot with flour and salt, in which the dough is formed at this point,is filled with the first mixture that comes from the former procedure and morewater, in order to make a homogeneous blend.
同樣地,之后的幾幅圖可以用“3w1h(when,what,where,how)+被動(dòng)+從句”原則分別寫為:
After that, thedough has to be kneaded by hands for about ten minutes, thereby becoming smoothand shiny, which is followed by stage four. In this phase, it is left in a bowland kept in a warm place where the dough will rise itself within one to threehours. It is then punched down by fist, aiming to release air; meanwhile, thedough is kneaded again for a few minutes for the coming baking process, whereit is shaped into loaves and left to rise a second time for about one hour.When it is ready for bake, the oven needs to be set at 200 degree Celsius and thenewly baked breads will be served in ten to fifteen minutes, finally.
通過以上的分析,同學(xué)們應(yīng)該不難發(fā)現(xiàn),流程圖得分的關(guān)鍵在于找出每幅圖的when (時(shí)間),what(材料),where(地方),how(方法和目的),之后靈活地用“被動(dòng)+從句”的形式予以表達(dá)。
雅思寫作流程圖的注意須知
第一,雅思寫作流程圖要用好表示順序的連接詞
既然是流程圖,就不可避免的要說明過程的各個(gè)步驟和先后順序,在這里,大家要注意幾個(gè)詞。例如,表示過程我們通常用“process”或“procedure”,過程的各個(gè)階段和步驟我們可以用“stage”或“step”來描述。在談到第一個(gè)步驟時(shí)我們可以用連接詞“In the first place”、“To begin with”、“In the first stage”等引出。在進(jìn)入中間的步驟時(shí)可以用“Then”、“Next”、“After this/that”等,最后一個(gè)步驟可以用“Finally”或“Lastly”。當(dāng)然,如果有一些平行的步驟我們也可以用“At the same time”、“Meanwhile”等來引出。
以上這些詞如果在雅思寫作中用的太頻繁也會(huì)使文章顯得較為單調(diào),我們可以使用從句的方法使各個(gè)步驟的描寫自然地銜接在一句話中。例如之前考到的一次流程圖(glass bottle recycling)有一句話就可以這樣寫:
When the cleaning is done, the bottles are conveyed to a glass factory where they are cut into glass pieces which are then poured into a furnace.
上面的句子用了when/where/which三個(gè)連詞,就把玻璃瓶回收的三個(gè)步驟”cleaning- cutting –heating巧妙地連接在了一起。
第二,雅思寫作流程圖要學(xué)會(huì)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
雅思寫作流程圖寫好的第二個(gè)關(guān)鍵是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用。流程圖表現(xiàn)的是客觀的工作流程或事物發(fā)展的過程。因此,我們可以盡量避免用“We should/must/need to do sth.”的主動(dòng)語態(tài),改為“Sth. Should/must/needs to be done”這樣的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的恰當(dāng)搭配,可以使文章顯得更具有客觀、和學(xué)術(shù)化色彩。前面玻璃瓶回收的例句中,不論是從句還是分句都使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在比如下面的一道流程圖(cement production),其中有兩句話可以這樣寫:
The production of cement starts in a mixer, where limestone gravel and sand are converted into a mixture, which is then fed into a crusher. Here the mixture is ground into cement powder, and then is passed through a rotating heater.
上文中用到了convert、feed、grind、pass這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)造了被動(dòng)語態(tài),使過程的描寫顯得非常專業(yè)。
第三,雅思寫作流程圖引言段和結(jié)尾段的重要性
在雅思寫作流程圖的引言段和結(jié)尾段寫作中可以適當(dāng)進(jìn)行過程的階段劃分和總結(jié),使文章的構(gòu)思上一個(gè)層次,擺脫“流水賬”的俗套。例如還是1月14日流程圖,引言段可以這樣寫:
This diagram illustrates the recycling process of glass bottles. The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into three main stages.
再來看一道新東方的模擬題,是關(guān)于植物的光合作用和人類的呼吸過程,在最后,可以這樣總結(jié):
In summary, plants, humans and animals provide services for each other. Humans and animals need the oxygen that plants produce in order to stay alive. When humans and animals breathe out, they provide the carbon dioxide that plants need in order to survive.
這樣就把兩方面的過程完美地結(jié)合在了一起。
第四,雅思寫作流程圖要善于“繞開”專業(yè)的概念表達(dá)
在流程圖中,有時(shí)不可避免的會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些比較專業(yè)的概念,考場上一時(shí)想不出對(duì)應(yīng)的英文,這時(shí)候要善于利用已知的簡單詞匯,試著把這些“專業(yè)”的概念用簡單的方式表達(dá)出來。例如,不知道怎樣表達(dá)“房間通風(fēng)”(ventilation)這個(gè)概念,我們可以說“air moving through the house”來說明,不知道怎樣說“斧頭”和“鋸子”(axe and saw)我們就用“special tools”來繞過,雖然不是描述得很精確,但總比不寫或?qū)戝e(cuò)了要好。
雅思寫作流程圖常用句型
1.描述過程,流程常用句子
the following diagraph shows the structure of……
the picture illustrates……
it mainly consists of……
it works as follows.
it always involves following steps.
the whole procedure can be divided into…stages.
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