雅思閱讀模擬試題學(xué)術(shù)類（2）

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雅思閱讀模擬試題學(xué)術(shù)類（2）

Knowledge of chronobiological patterns can have many pragmatic implications

for our day-to-day lives. While contemporary living can sometimes appear to subjugate

biology – after all, who needs circadian rhythms when we have caffeine pills, energy

drinks, shift work and cities that never sleep? – keeping in synch with our body clock is

important.

The average urban resident, for example, rouses at the eye-blearing time of 6.04

a.m., which researchers believe to be far too early. One study found that even rising at

7.00 a.m. has deleterious effects on health unless exercise is performed for 30 minutes

afterward. The optimum moment has been whittled down to 7.22 a.m.; muscle aches,

headaches and moodiness were reported to be lowest by participants in the study who

awoke then.

Once you’re up and ready to go, what then? If you’re trying to shed some extra

pounds, dieticians are adamant: never skip breakfast. This disorients your circadian

rhythm and puts your body in starvation mode. The recommended course of action is to

follow an intense workout with a carbohydrate-rich breakfast; the other way round and

weight loss results are not as pronounced.

Morning is also great for breaking out the vitamins. Supplement absorption by the

body is not temporal-dependent, but naturopath Pam Stone notes that the extra boost at

breakfast helps us get energised for the day ahead. For improved absorption, Stone

suggests pairing supplements with a food in which they are soluble and steering clear of

caffeinated beverages. Finally, Stone warns to take care with storage; high potency is

best for absorption, and warmth and humidity are known to deplete the potency of a

supplement.

After-dinner espressos are becoming more of a tradition – we have the Italians to

thank for that – but to prepare for a good night’s sleep we are better off putting the

brakes on caffeine consumption as early as 3 p.m. With a seven hour half-life, a cup of

coffee containing 90 mg of caffeine taken at this hour could still leave 45 mg of caffeine

in your nervous system at ten o’clock that evening. It is essential that, by the time you

are ready to sleep, your body is rid of all traces.

Evenings are important for winding down before sleep; however, dietician

Geraldine Georgeou warns that an after-five carbohydrate-fast is more cultural myth

than chronobiological demand. This will deprive your body of vital energy needs.

Overloading your gut could lead to indigestion, though. Our digestive tracts do not shut

down for the night entirely, but their work slows to a crawl as our bodies prepare for

sleep. Consuming a modest snack should be entirely sufficient.

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