劍橋雅思13Test3閱讀passage2真題翻譯(2)

劍橋雅思13Test3閱讀passage2真題翻譯(2) 關(guān)于這個(gè)問題下面小編就來為各個(gè)考生解答下。

劍橋雅思13Test3閱讀passage2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

How baby talk gives infant brains a boost

“嬰兒腔”對嬰兒大腦發(fā)育的促進(jìn)

Another study suggests that parents might want to pair their youngsters up so they can babble more with their own kind. Researchers from McGill University and Universite du Quebec a Montreal found that babies seem to like listening to each other rather than to adults - which may be why baby talk is such a universal tool among parents. They played repeating vowel sounds made by a special synthesizing device that mimicked sounds made by either an adult woman or another baby. This way, only the impact of the auditory cues was observed. The team then measured how long each type of sound held the infants’ attention. They found that the ‘infant' sounds held babies' attention nearly 40 percent longer. The baby noises also induced more reactions in the listening infants, like smiling or lip moving, which approximates sound making. The team theorizes that this attraction to other infant sounds could help launch the learning process that leads to speech. 'It may be some property of the sound that is just drawing their attention,’ says study co-author Linda Polka. ‘Or maybe they are really interested in that particular type of sound because they are starting to focus on their own ability to make sounds. We are speculating here but it might catch their attention because they recognize it as a sound they could possibly make.1

另外一項(xiàng)研究表明父母們可能想讓他們的孩子們結(jié)伴,這樣孩子們就可以跟同齡人互相說話了。麥吉爾大學(xué)和魁北克大學(xué)蒙特利爾分校的研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒們似更喜歡聽同齡人說話而非聽成人說話,這或許可以解釋為什么“嬰兒腔”是一種全球父母通曉的語言。研究者們播放了用特殊合成裝置發(fā)出的重復(fù)元音,以模擬由成人女性或嬰兒發(fā)出的聲音。這樣就可以只觀察聲音因素帶來的影響。該團(tuán)隊(duì)隨后再測量每種聲音吸引住嬰兒的時(shí)間。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)合成的嬰兒聲能夠吸引嬰兒注意力40秒之長。嬰兒聲還引發(fā)了嬰兒聽者更多的反應(yīng),例如微笑或咧嘴,這也接近于發(fā)聲運(yùn)作。該團(tuán)隊(duì)提出理論認(rèn)為,這種對其他嬰兒聲音的吸引力有助于引發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)行為最終導(dǎo)致說話。研究合作者林達(dá)·波卡說:“也許是聲音的某種屬性引起了嬰八們的注意;也許是他們確實(shí)對那類聲音更感興趣,因?yàn)樗麄冮_始注意自己的發(fā)聲能力我們在這里只是推測,但這之所以引起他們的注意也可能是因?yàn)樗麄円庾R到他們也能發(fā)出這樣的聲音。

In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a total of 57 babies from two slightly different age groups - seven months and eleven and a half months - were played a number of syllables from both their native language (English) and a non-native tongue (Spanish). The infants were placed in a brainactivation scanner that recorded activity in a brain region known to guide the motor movements that produce speech. The results suggest that listening to baby talk prompts infant brains to start practicing their language skills. ‘Finding activation in motor areas of the brain when infants are simply listening is significant, because it means the baby brain is engaged in trying to talk back right from the start, and suggests that seven-month-olds’ brains are already trying to figure out how to make the right movements that will produce words,’ says co-author Patricia Kuhl. Another interesting finding was that while the seven-month-olds responded to all speech sounds regardless of language, the brains of the older infants worked harder at the motor activations of non-native sounds compared to native sounds. The study may have also uncovered a process by which babies recognize differences between their native language and other tongues.

在一份發(fā)表在《美國國家科學(xué)院公報(bào)》上的研究中,人們向兩個(gè)略有不同的年齡組—7個(gè)月大、11個(gè)半月大—的共57名嬰兒播放幾個(gè)他們母語(英語)和9語(西班牙語)的音節(jié)。嬰兒們接受了腦活動掃描儀對大腦區(qū)域的監(jiān)測,這一大時(shí)區(qū)域是已知負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)生言語的運(yùn)動機(jī)能。結(jié)果表明聽到¨嬰兒腔”能促進(jìn)嬰兒大腦開始練習(xí)語言技能合作者帕特卡·庫爾說:“嬰兒僅僅通過聆聽聲音就能激活大時(shí)爾運(yùn)動機(jī)能區(qū)域,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)很重要,因?yàn)檫@意味著嬰兒的大腦在一開始就:備好要逆過說話來回應(yīng);這還表明7個(gè)月大的嬰兒的大腦已經(jīng)開始努力要想出如何動作來說出詞語?！绷硪豁?xiàng)有意思的發(fā)現(xiàn)就是雖然7個(gè)月大的嬰兒對兩種語言的聲音都有反應(yīng),但另一年齡組的嬰兒們的大腦在聽到外語聲音時(shí)比聽到母語時(shí)觸發(fā)動作機(jī)能更顯著。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)了嬰兒是如何識別母語和外語的差異的。

由于篇幅的問題，以上只是一部分，更多內(nèi)容請繼續(xù)關(guān)注我們中國教育在線外語頻道。

>> 雅思 托福 免費(fèi)測試、量身規(guī)劃、讓英語學(xué)習(xí)不再困難<<