Three Types of Stages托福紅Delta聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

2023-07-06 11:10:07 來源：中國教育在線

Three Types of Stages托福紅Delta聽力原文翻譯及問題答案，今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個(gè)問題。

一、Three Types of Stages托福紅Delta聽力原文：

Throughout the long history of theater,three basic types of stages have prevailed.Each of these styles has advantages and disadvantages,and each is good for certain types of plays.Let’s take a look at the three styles and see why each has been so successful.The three designs are(1)the proscenium or picture-frame stage,(2)the arena or circle stage,and(3)the thrust stage with three-quarter seating.

The first design,the proscenium stage,gets its name from the proscenium arch,the frame that sort of outlines the stage and separates it from the audience.The proscenium stage is also called the picture-frame stage because it looks like a large picture frame that the audience looks through to see the action of the play.The seats for the audience all face in the same direction,toward the stage at the front end of the theater.

The stage area of proscenium theaters is usually deep,and this allows for elaborate scenery and scene changes.Scenery pieces—called backdrops—are hung on ropes or cables at the rear,in layers,one behind the other.They’re called backdrops because they can be dropped into position and then raised again as necessary.The number of different backdrops possible allows the scene designer to create an extremely realistic set.

However,the proscenium arch also creates a distancing effect—which is an advantage for certain types of drama,but a disadvantage for others.The proscenium works really well for large-scale productions with lots of characters and action,but for some plays—for,example,close-up views of real life—the proscenium is sort of a barrier between the actors and the audience.

Next,the arena stage.In the past half-century,there’s been a movement to bring theater closer to real life...a movement toward more informal,more intimate theater.Thus,we have the arena stage—also called the circle theater or theater-in-the-round.In the arena theater,the stage is in the center of a square or circle,with seats for the audience around it on all sides.The actors are in the center,so everyone in the audience can be close to them.The effect is a sense of intimacy,a kind of closeness that comes whenever people form a circle.

The arena is the oldest style of theater.It’s interesting to note that almost all early theatrical performances were“in the round,”as ceremonies,rituals,and dances in all parts of the world took place in a circle.

One disadvantage of the arena theater is that,while its design allows for intimacy,it also makes it impossible to have elaborate scenery or scene changes.This lack of flexibility is one reason why the third style of theater has become very popular again.

The third design—the thrust stage—falls somewhere between the proscenium and the arena styles.In the thrust stage theater,the audience sits on three sides or in a half-circle,around a stage that sticks out into the center.Behind the stage is a stage house from which the actors enter and exit,and scenery is changed.The thrust stage is kind of a compromise between the proscenium and the arena styles.It combines the scenic features of the proscenium theater with the intimacy of the arena stage.

The formal English theaters of Shakespeare’s day were thrust stage theaters,and today it’s the most widely used of all the designs.Its advantages are obvious.It has the intimacy of three-quarter seating around the actors,and the stage house at the rear makes scene changes possible.Also,the fact that so many great dramatic works were written for it gives the thrust stage a prominent position among the other major forms.

二、Three Types of Stages托福聽力中文翻譯：

在漫長的戲劇歷史中，有三種基本的舞臺類型。這些風(fēng)格各有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，每種都適合某些類型的戲劇。讓我們看看這三種風(fēng)格，看看為什么它們都如此成功。這三種設(shè)計(jì)是（1）前臺或相框舞臺，（2）競技場或圓形舞臺，以及（3）四分之三座位的推力舞臺。

第一種設(shè)計(jì)，前臺舞臺，得名于前臺拱門，這種框架勾勒出舞臺的輪廓，并將其與觀眾隔開。前臺舞臺也被稱為畫框舞臺，因?yàn)樗雌饋硐褚粋€(gè)大畫框，觀眾可以透過它來觀看戲劇的動(dòng)作。觀眾的座位都面向同一個(gè)方向，朝向劇院前端的舞臺。

舞臺前廳的舞臺區(qū)域通常很深，這樣可以進(jìn)行精心的布景和場景變換。被稱為背景的布景被層層地掛在后面的繩子或電纜上。它們被稱為背景，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢员环胖玫轿唬缓蟾鶕?jù)需要再次升起。不同背景的數(shù)量允許場景設(shè)計(jì)師創(chuàng)建一個(gè)非常逼真的場景集。

然而，前臺拱門也產(chǎn)生了一種疏遠(yuǎn)效果，這對某些類型的戲劇是有利的，但對其他類型的戲劇則是不利的。臺前對于有大量角色和動(dòng)作的大型制作非常有效，但對于一些戲劇，例如，真實(shí)生活的特寫鏡頭，臺前是演員和觀眾之間的一道屏障。

接下來是競技場舞臺。在過去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里，出現(xiàn)了一場使戲劇更接近現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的運(yùn)動(dòng)。。。走向更非正式、更親密的戲劇的運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此，我們有競技場舞臺，也稱為圓形劇場或圓形劇場。在競技場劇場，舞臺位于正方形或圓形的中心，四周有觀眾座位。演員們在中間，所以觀眾中的每個(gè)人都可以靠近他們。其效果是一種親密感，一種每當(dāng)人們形成一個(gè)圈子時(shí)都會出現(xiàn)的親密感。

競技場是最古老的劇院。有趣的是，幾乎所有早期的戲劇表演都是“全面的”，因?yàn)槭澜绺鞯氐膬x式、儀式和舞蹈都是在一個(gè)圓圈內(nèi)進(jìn)行的。

競技場劇場的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是，雖然它的設(shè)計(jì)允許親密，但也不可能有精心設(shè)計(jì)的布景或場景變化。缺乏靈活性是第三種戲劇風(fēng)格再次流行的原因之一。

第三種設(shè)計(jì)——推力舞臺介于前臺和競技場風(fēng)格之間。在推力舞臺劇場，觀眾坐在三面或半圓上，圍繞著一個(gè)突出到中心的舞臺。舞臺后面是一個(gè)舞臺劇室，演員們從這里進(jìn)出，場景也隨之改變。主攻式舞臺是前臺和競技場風(fēng)格之間的一種折衷。它結(jié)合了前臺劇場的風(fēng)景特點(diǎn)和舞臺的親密感。

莎士比亞時(shí)代的英國正式劇院是推力式舞臺劇場，今天它是所有設(shè)計(jì)中使用最廣泛的。其優(yōu)勢顯而易見。它有四分之三的座位圍繞著演員，后面的舞臺使場景變化成為可能。此外，有這么多偉大的戲劇作品是為它而創(chuàng)作的，這一事實(shí)使主攻階段在其他主要形式中占據(jù)了突出的地位。

三、Three Types of Stages托福聽力問題：

Q1:What does the professor imply about the various types of stages?

A.Each design gives the audience a different experience.

B.All three types were created at the same time in history.

C.The proscenium theater accommodates the largest audience.

D.Theater schools usually focus on one of the three types.

Q2:Which of the following is a disadvantage of the proscenium stage?

A.The proscenium stage does not allow for scenery or scene changes.

B.The people sitting in the back rows cannot hear what the actors say.

C.The proscenium creates a barrier between the actors and the audience.

D.Ticket prices are higher for plays produced in proscenium theaters.

Q3:Which type of performance would probably best be produced on an arena stage?