劍橋雅思13Test3閱讀passage3真題翻譯(1)

劍橋雅思13Test3閱讀passage3真題翻譯(1) 關(guān)于這個問題下面小編就來為各個考生解答下。

劍橋雅思13Test3閱讀passage3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Whatever happened to the Harappan Civilisation?哈拉帕文明究竟發(fā)生了什么?

New research sheds light on the disappearance of an ancient society新研究揭示了一個古代社會的消失

The Harappan Civilisation of ancient Pakistan and India flourished 5,000 years ago, but a thousand years later their cities were abandoned. The Harappan Civilisation was a sophisticated Bronze Age society who built ‘megacities’ and traded internationally in luxury craft products, and yet seemed to have left almost no depictions of themselves. But their lack of self-imagery - at a time when the Egyptians were carving and painting representations of themselves all over their temples - is only part of the mystery.

5000年前,位于古巴基斯坦和古印度的哈拉帕文明蓬勃發(fā)展,但一千年后它們的城市荒廢了。哈拉帕文明曾是一個成熟的青銅器時代社會,他們曾建立了“大型城市”,并在手工藝品方面進行國際貿(mào)易,但幾乎沒有留下任何關(guān)于自身的描述。與同一時期埃及人在神廟內(nèi)雕刻繪畫自身形象相比,哈拉帕文明缺乏自身的形象,但它的神秘之處還遠不止于此。

There is plenty of archaeological evidence to tell us about the rise of the Harappan Civilisation, but relatively little about its fall，’ explains archaeologist Dr Cameron Petrie of the University of Cambridge. ‘As populations increased, cities were built that had great baths, craft workshops, palaces and halls laid out in distinct sectors. Houses were arranged in blocks, with wide main streets and narrow alleyways, and many had their own wells and drainage systems. It was very much a “thriving” civilisation.’ Then around 2100 BC, a transformation began. Streets went uncleaned, buildings started to be abandoned, and ritual structures fell out of use. After their final demise, a millennium passed before really large-scale cities appeared once more in South Asia.

“大量的考古證據(jù)表明哈拉帕文明的興起,但與之相比,表明它衰落的證據(jù)少之又少?！眲虼髮W(xué)考古學(xué)家卡梅倫·皮特里博士解釋道“隨著人口的增加,城市不斷建立,大型浴池、手工作坊、宮殿和府邸分布在不同的城區(qū)。房屋按街區(qū)排列,伴有寬闊的主街道和狹窄的小巷,其中許多家庭帶有自己的水井和排水系統(tǒng)。它確曾是一種十分‘繁榮’的文明。”大約在公元前2100年情況開始發(fā)生變化。街道骯臟不堪,房屋被廢棄,宗教場所也廢棄不用。自從哈拉帕文明消亡后的一千多年,在南亞才又一次興起真正大規(guī)模的城市。

Some have claimed that major glacier-fed rivers changed their course, dramatically affecting the water supply and agriculture; or that the cities could not cope with an increasing population, they exhausted their resource base, the trading economy broke down or they succumbed to invasion and conflict; and yet others that climate change caused an environmental change that affected food and water provision. 'It is unlikely that there was a single cause for the decline of the civilisation. But the fact is, until now, we have had little solid evidence from the area for most of the key elements，，said Petrie. ‘A lot of the archaeological debate has really only been wellargued speculation. ，

有一些人認(rèn)為,這是因為冰川融匯的河流改變了河道,這極大地影響了水源供給和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn);還有人認(rèn)為,城市無法容納逐漸增長的人口,它們耗盡了自己的資源,貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟崩解,它們屈服于外來侵略和沖突;還有一些人認(rèn)為,是因為氣候變化導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境變化,這就影響了食物和水源供給?！耙环N文明的衰落不可能只是由個原因造成的。但是事實上,到目前為止,我們還沒有從該地區(qū)獲得確鑿的證據(jù)來支撐這業(yè)因素"皮特里先生補充說?！霸S多考古學(xué)的爭論實際上僅僅是合理的猜測。

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