2021年12月4日雅思考試機(jī)經(jīng)回憶完整版(5)

2023-07-03 14:25:18 來源：中國教育在線

2021年12月4日雅思考試機(jī)經(jīng)回憶完整版(5) 關(guān)于這個問題下面小編就來為各個考生解答下。

2021年12月4日雅思考試機(jī)經(jīng)回憶完整版(5)

READING

Passage2

Topic：Children's literature

A Stories and poems aimed at childrenr have a exceedingly long histry: llabies, for example, were sung in Roman times, and a tew nursery games and rthymes are almost as ancient. Yet So far a witen-down lterature is concerned, while there a were stories in print before 1700 that children often seied on when they had the chance, such as translations of Aesop's fables, fainy-stories and popular bllads and romances. these were not aimed at young people in particular. Since the only genuinely child-oriented literature at this time would have genuinely child-oriented. literature at this time would have been a few instructional works to help with reading and general knowledge, plus the odd Puritanical tract s an aid to morality. the conly course for keen child readers: was to read adult lterature.

This stll occurs today, especlally with adut thillerse or romances that inelude more exciting,graphie detall than ls nomally found In the iterature for younger readers.

B By the middle of the 18h centuiry there were enough eager child readers, and enough parents glad to cater to this interest, for publishers to specialize in children's books whose

first aim was pleasure rather than education or morality. In Britain a London merchant named Thomas Boreham produced Cajanus, The Swedish Gliant in 1742, whlle the more famous John Newbery published A Lite Pretty Pocket Bock in 1744. Its contente - rhymes, stores, children's games plus a free git (A ball and a pincushion') -in many ways anticlpated the similar lucky dip contents of children's annuals this century. It is a tibute to Newbery's flair that he hit upon a winning formula quite so quickly, to be pirated almost immediately in America.

C Such pleasing levity was not to last. Infuenced by Russeau, whose Emile (1762) decreed that all books for children save Robinson Crusoe were a dangerous diversion, contemporary crties saw to it that childrn's literature should be instructive and ulting.

Prominent among such woices was Mrs. Sarah Timmer, whose magazine The Guardian of Education (1802) carried the frst regular reviews of children's books. It was she who condemined finyrtales for their violence and general absurdity, her own stories, Fabulous Histories (1785) descnibed tlking animals who were always models of sense and decorum.

D So the moral story for children was always threatened from within. given the way children have of drawing out entertainment from the sternest moralist. But the greatest blow to the

improving children's book was to come from an unlikely source indeed: warly 19th-century interest in folk-lore. Both nursery rhymes, selected by James Orchard Hllwel for a flklore society in 1842, and collection of falry-storles by the scholartly Grimm brothers, swittly translated Into English In 1823,soon rocket to popularity with the young, quickly leading to new editions, each one more child-centered than the last. From now on younger children could expect sories witlen for their particular interest and with the needs of their owm limited experience of life kept well to the fore.

E What eventually determined the reading of older childrern was often not the ailability of special children's literature as such bul access to books that contained characters, such as young people or animals, with whom chey could more easily empathize, or action, such 5 exploring or fighting.

that made few demands on adult maturity or understanding.

F The final apotheosis of lterary childhood as something to be protected from unpleasant reality came with the arrival in the late 1930s of child-centered bes-sellers intent on entertainment at its most escapist. In Britain novelist such as Enid Blyton and Richmal Crompton described children

who were always free to have the most unlikely adventures, secure in the knowledge that nothing, bad could ever happen to them in the end. The fact that wer broke out again during

her books' greatest popularity fils to register at all in the self- enclosed world inhabited by Enid Blyton's young characters. Reaction against such dream- worlds was inevitable alter

World WWar I. coinciding wifth the growth of paperback sales, children's librarics and a new spirit of moral and social concern. Urged on by comitted publishers and progressive

librarians, writers slowly began to explore new areas of interes while also shiting the ettings of thelr plots from the mddl-class world to which their chetly adult patrons had

always prevlously belonged.

G Critical emphasis, during this development, has been divided. For some the most important task was to rid children's books of the social prejudice and exclusiveness no longer found

aceptable.

H Others concentrated more on the positive achievements of contemporary children's literature.

That writers of these works are now often recommended to the atentions of adult as well as child readers echoes the 19th-century belief that children's literature can be shared by the

generations, rather than being a defensive barrier between childhood and the necessary growth towards adult understanding.

題目方面

14-18為表格填空題

14. stories_.

15. America

16. foklore

17. tainy-stories.

18. adventures

19-21匹配題

19.C

20. A

21.E