Hernani托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Hernani托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Hernani 托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR: Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.

MALE PROFESSOR: So, um, in France, you have the French Academy, which was created to uphold standards of literary taste. It was a very conservative organization. It tried to keep things a, a certain way… resist change.

It dictated that French plays should be neoclassical in form. You know, have five acts, sophisticated language, et cetera. But try as it might, it couldn't stop change. French drama was changing, though the transition from neoclassical drama to romantic drama was itself pretty uh … dramatic.

Let's look at a play by Victor Hugo called Hernani—or, as the French would say, Hernani.Although Hugo was a truly brilliant writer of…ah, essays, poems, novels and plays, uh, his play Hernani isn't a great play in and of itself. It's got a really confusing, convoluted storyline… critics back then were unimpressed by it, though it's likely that their own feelings about how plays should be—neoclassical or romantic—affected their opinions about it.

But its premiere—in Paris, in 1830—was anything but ordinary. Hernani's opening night was probably one of the most important literary events in nineteenth-century France.

What happened was… OK. Hugo was a romanticist, right? He was part of a growing movement of—of young authors, and artists, who were rebelling against neoclassicism—against the conventions of neoclassicism. And, and what this meant, is that Hugo opposed the neoclassical unities that French theater had inherited from Greek drama. These unities were basically the unity of time, space, and action, meaning that the entire play consisted of just one main event, that was unfolding in just one specific place, usually in the course of one day.

And Hugo found this to be too constraining. He looked for inspiration in well…OK. Hugo is from the nineteenth century, but he looked to Shakespeare. Several centuries in the past—long before neoclassicism.

For example, in Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream, the play moves from indoors to outdoors, from the city to the forest and back again. So there was a kind of mobility in, in the use of space and…Well, in A Midsummer Night's Dream, of course the action in that play takes place on a single summer's night. But, in Shakespeare’s other plays, in Hamlet, for example, ah, time elapses, people travel, they go to other destinations and the action is not limited to one plot.

Hugo also opposed the neoclassical insistence on the separation of genres. For neoclassicists, a play could only be dramatic, and high art, or comic, light-hearted. And in either case, there was still a sense of decorum; characters might make jokes and get into silly situations, but they're still regular people, like not in disguise or anything. There-there's still a certain amount of restraint in a neoclassical comedy.

Again, earlier works by Shakespeare provided very different models, that Hugo found more appealing. Many of Shakespeare's plays, even the tragedies, contain scenes with ridiculous, outlandish characters, like clowns, so that many of the plays have both… qualities: A serious, dramatic side, and comedic scenes with the clowns that break the drama.

And Hugo, like other romantics, was also opposed to the artistic rules that the neo-classicists had inherited from the Enlightenment.The romantics wanted a more passionate kind of theater and it was more rooted in the individual and the individual sensibility.

Romanticism was political as well—claiming that individuals, people, could govern themselves… without the need for kings and queens. There was an ideological struggle, between a lot of young people, artists— people who wanted change—and, and people who didn't. So, of course Romanticism was controversial.

Now, Hernani was a play that incorporated these romantic conventions. Hugo suspected that neoclassical audiences would be hostile to this new form, and the ideas it represented. So to protect himself, he rounded up his friends for opening night. And hundreds of them came to the theater that night.

And Hugo writes about this arrival of the romantics, these wild and bizarre characters and their outlandish costumes, which stupefied and infuriated the more conventional theater-goers. So, the play that night took forever to finish because it was interrupted many times and there were these debates in the audience between Hugo's friends and supporters, the romantics, and the neoclassicists, the supporters of the old school. Lots of interruptions.

And afterward, what had been a debate inside the theater spilled out onto the street and there were fist fights… it was a complete free-for-all. And this went on for the next forty-five nights. Every night, ah, that the play was performed, there was this excitement and controversy that was, was really an expression of the kinds of passions that, ah, differences of aesthetics and political opinions, and tastes could give rise to.

二、Hernani 托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在文學課上聽講座的一部分。

男教授：那么，嗯，在法國，你有法國學院，它是為了維護文學品味的標準而創(chuàng)建的。這是一個非常保守的組織。它試圖以某種方式保持事物……抵制變化。

它規(guī)定法國戲劇的形式應該是新古典主義。你知道，有五幕，復雜的語言等等。盡管如此，它還是無法阻止變化。法國戲劇正在發(fā)生變化，盡管從新古典主義戲劇到浪漫主義戲劇的轉(zhuǎn)變本身就很有戲劇性。

讓我們來看看維克托·雨果的一出戲，叫做赫爾納尼，或者，正如法國人所說，赫爾納尼。雖然雨果是一位真正杰出的作家，寫過……啊，散文、詩歌、小說和戲劇，呃，他的戲劇《赫爾南尼》本身并不是一部偉大的戲劇。這部劇的故事情節(jié)令人困惑，錯綜復雜……當時的評論家對此并不感興趣，盡管他們自己對戲劇應該是新古典主義還是浪漫主義的感受可能會影響他們對這部劇的看法。

但它于1830年在巴黎首映，一點也不平凡。赫爾納尼的首映之夜可能是十九世紀法國最重要的文學事件之一。

所發(fā)生的一切……沒關系。雨果是個浪漫主義者，對吧？他是日益壯大的年輕作家和藝術(shù)家運動的一部分，這些人反對新古典主義，反對新古典主義的傳統(tǒng)。這意味著雨果反對法國戲劇從希臘戲劇中繼承下來的新古典主義統(tǒng)一。這些統(tǒng)一基本上是時間、空間和行動的統(tǒng)一，這意味著整個戲劇只包括一個主要事件，通常在一天的時間內(nèi)，只在一個特定的地方展開。

雨果發(fā)現(xiàn)這太拘謹了。他在井里尋找靈感……好的。雨果來自十九世紀，但他很喜歡莎士比亞。早在新古典主義之前的幾個世紀。

例如，在莎士比亞的戲劇《仲夏夜之夢》中，該劇從室內(nèi)到室外，從城市到森林，再從城市到森林。因此，在空間的使用上，以及……嗯，在仲夏夜的夢中，有一種流動性，當然，劇中的動作發(fā)生在一個夏夜。但是，在莎士比亞的其他戲劇中，比如《哈姆雷特》，啊，時間流逝，人們旅行，他們?nèi)テ渌康牡?，而且動作不限于一個情節(jié)。

雨果還反對新古典主義對流派分離的堅持。對于新古典主義者來說，一部戲劇只能是戲劇化的、高藝術(shù)性的或喜劇性的、輕松的。無論哪種情況，都有一種禮貌感；角色可能會開玩笑，陷入愚蠢的境地，但他們?nèi)匀皇瞧胀ㄈ?，喜歡不偽裝或其他什么。新古典主義喜劇仍然有一定程度的限制。

同樣，莎士比亞早期的作品提供了非常不同的模型，雨果發(fā)現(xiàn)這些模型更具吸引力。莎士比亞的許多戲劇，甚至悲劇，都包含滑稽、古怪的人物場景，比如小丑，因此許多戲劇兼具……特質(zhì)：嚴肅、戲劇化的一面，以及小丑打破戲劇的喜劇場景。

雨果和其他浪漫主義者一樣，也反對新古典主義者從啟蒙運動中繼承下來的藝術(shù)規(guī)則。浪漫主義者想要一種更有激情的戲劇，它更植根于個人和個人情感。

浪漫主義也是一種政治主義，主張個人、人民可以自我管理……而不需要國王和王后。在許多年輕人和藝術(shù)家之間，存在著一場意識形態(tài)斗爭——他們想要改變，而那些不想改變的人。所以，浪漫主義當然是有爭議的。

現(xiàn)在，赫爾納尼是一部融合了這些浪漫傳統(tǒng)的戲劇。雨果懷疑新古典主義的觀眾會對這種新形式及其所代表的思想懷有敵意。所以為了保護自己，他召集朋友參加開幕式。那天晚上，數(shù)百人來到劇院。

雨果寫下了浪漫主義者的到來，這些狂野奇異的角色和他們古怪的服裝，這讓更傳統(tǒng)的觀眾感到震驚和憤怒。因此，那場戲花了很長時間才結(jié)束，因為它被多次打斷，觀眾中有雨果的朋友和支持者、浪漫主義者和新古典主義者、老派支持者之間的辯論。很多干擾。

隨后，劇院內(nèi)的一場辯論蔓延到了街上，發(fā)生了拳賽……這是一場完全免費的比賽。接下來的四十五個晚上都是這樣。每天晚上，啊，演出這出戲時，都會有這種激動和爭議，這實際上是一種激情的表達，啊，美學、政治觀點和品味的差異可能會引起這種激情的表達。

三、Hernani 托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A. The influence of Hernani on later French plays

B. The way that Hernani challenged traditional guidelines for plays

C. The influence of Shakespeare on Victor Hugo's plays

D. The changing attitudes toward Victor Hugo's plays in the nineteenth century

Q2:2.What is the professor's opinion of the play Hernani?

A. It is too political.

B. It is not very creative.

C. It is not an artistic success.

D. It has been unjustly ignored.

Q3:3.What feature of A Midsummer Night's Dream is NOT consistent with neoclassical principles?

A. It has several main characters.

B. It uses sophisticated language.

C. It takes place in more than one location.

D. It takes place during a single night.

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention clowns in plays by Shakespeare?

A. To point out that Shakespeare rebelled against neoclassicism

B. To reinforce the idea that neoclassical plays were sometimes comical

C. To introduce an aspect of Hernani that French critics objected to

D. To illustrate a characteristic of the plays that influenced Hugo

Q5:5.Why did Hugo invite his friends to the opening of Hernani?

A. To include people in the audience who understand his goals

B. To introduce them to a new and different kind of play

C. To try maintain a pleasant, comfortable atmosphere in the theater

D. To thank them for supporting his efforts as a playwright

Q6:6.What does the professor imply about the fights that occurred after performances of Hernani? [Click on 2 answers.]

A. They were partly due to a misunderstanding of Hugo's opinions.

B. They affected a general social conflict in France at the time.

C. They occurred because of deeply held literary opinions.

D. They prevented other writer from writing romantic plays.

四、Hernani 托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：C

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：A

A6:正確答案：BC

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