Effect of Electronic Media托福紅Delta聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

Effect of Electronic Media托福紅Delta聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案， 今天中國(guó)教育在線就來(lái)為大家分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

一、Effect of Electronic Media托福紅Delta聽(tīng)力原文：

Throughout most of human history,a society’s culture was defined and communicated primarily through the family.Early cultures communicated their values and beliefs to their children by oral tradition—word of mouth.Parents and grandparents had the job of passing on the culture’s history and traditions.The older members of the family were storytellers and historians—our“cultural narrators.”

The cultural narrator was valued for his or her wisdom and experience.The cultural narrator helped to sustain the society through the preservation of vital cultural information.Until the mid-twentieth century,the family was the medium by which culture was passed along.

Since the 1950s,however,the role of the cultural narrator has been taken over by television.What I mean is,the family storytellers have been replaced by television shows that tell us who we are,what we need,how we should speak,and what we should believe in.

In the sixties and seventies,as television became more a part of North American life,several writers and philosophers began to study what was going on.One of the most creative minds to explore this issue was Marshall McLuhan.

McLuhan studied English literature in his native Canada and in England,and then taught at several universities in the United States.As a Canadian scholar teaching in the U.S.,McLuhan realized that he didn’t understand his American students.He couldn’t figure out their interests and values,why they spoke and acted and felt the way they did.So,he set out to learn more about the values of his students by studying their popular culture:the movies,television shows,music,pastimes—all the things that young Americans pursued in their leisure time.

McLuhan became convinced that electronic media played a significant role and that the media were responsible for the attitudes and values of his students.In fact,he went beyond his immediate interest in his own students to theorize that the media had prompted most of the social changes in Western culture.McLuhan’s ideas soon made him the leading cultural critic and media theorist of his time.

McLuhan’s ideas gained attention worldwide.He wrote several books about the effect of media on human development,including this one,The Medium is the Message,which is the book you’ll be reading next in this course.

The Medium is the Message is McLuhan’s most influential book.Although it was first published more than thirty years ago,it remains an important classic in the field of communications.It’s a book—and an idea—that you’ll come back to over and over again,and reading it will probably change your view of how we communicate.

Why is it such an important book?Well,you’ve probably heard the expression,“The medium is the message”because it’s entered our vocabulary.What McLuhan meant by this statement was that how people learn—the medium—is more important than what they learn—the message.In other words,the method of communicating information has more influence on the public than the information itself.Communication is culture,and culture is communication.

McLuhan didn’t consider himself a critic of the media in the sense of condemning it.He wasn’t interested in deciding whether television was good or bad.He just wanted people to understand how it affected them so they could make their own informed decisions about it.We’re just beginning to understand the ways that the media have affected our culture.Sociologists,psychologists,media ecologists—people in a multitude of fields are trying to explain the relationships among media,values,and behavior.

Is television good or bad for us?Does television cause human behavior,or merely record it?This question is of particular interest to researchers who study the effects of television—especially television violence—on children’s behavior.And now that television is starting to merge with other electronic media,like the Internet,there are a growing number of issues and new questions calling for informed thinking about the relationship of the media to human development.

二、Effect of Electronic Media托福紅Delta聽(tīng)力中文翻譯：

在人類(lèi)歷史的大部分時(shí)間里，一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化主要是通過(guò)家庭來(lái)定義和傳播的。早期的文化通過(guò)口頭傳統(tǒng)和口碑向他們的孩子傳達(dá)他們的價(jià)值觀和信仰。父母和祖父母有責(zé)任傳承文化的歷史和傳統(tǒng)。這個(gè)家庭的年長(zhǎng)成員是講故事的人和歷史學(xué)家，我們的“文化敘述者”

文化敘述者因其智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而受到重視。文化敘述者通過(guò)保存重要的文化信息幫助維持社會(huì)。直到二十世紀(jì)中葉，家庭一直是傳播文化的媒介。

然而，自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái)，文化敘述者的角色已被電視取代。我的意思是，講述家庭故事的人已經(jīng)被電視節(jié)目所取代，電視節(jié)目告訴我們我們是誰(shuí)，我們需要什么，我們應(yīng)該如何說(shuō)話，我們應(yīng)該相信什么。

在六七十年代，隨著電視越來(lái)越成為北美生活的一部分，一些作家和哲學(xué)家開(kāi)始研究正在發(fā)生的事情。馬歇爾·麥克盧漢（MarshallMcLuhan）是探索這一問(wèn)題最有創(chuàng)造力的人之一。

麥克盧漢在他的祖國(guó)加拿大和英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英國(guó)文學(xué)，然后在美國(guó)幾所大學(xué)任教。作為一名在美國(guó)教書(shū)的加拿大學(xué)者，麥克盧漢意識(shí)到他不了解他的美國(guó)學(xué)生。他無(wú)法理解他們的興趣和價(jià)值觀，也無(wú)法理解他們?yōu)槭裁凑f(shuō)話、做事，以及他們的感受。因此，他開(kāi)始通過(guò)研究學(xué)生的流行文化來(lái)了解他們的價(jià)值觀：電影、電視節(jié)目、音樂(lè)、消遣——所有這些都是美國(guó)年輕人在業(yè)余時(shí)間追求的東西。

麥克盧漢確信電子媒體發(fā)揮了重要作用，媒體對(duì)他的學(xué)生的態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀負(fù)有責(zé)任。事實(shí)上，他超越了對(duì)自己學(xué)生的直接興趣，提出了媒體推動(dòng)了西方文化的大部分社會(huì)變革的理論。麥克盧漢的思想很快使他成為當(dāng)時(shí)領(lǐng)先的文化評(píng)論家和媒體理論家。

麥克盧漢的想法引起了全世界的關(guān)注。他寫(xiě)了幾本關(guān)于媒體對(duì)人類(lèi)發(fā)展影響的書(shū)，包括這本，《媒體就是信息》，這本書(shū)是你在本課程的下一本書(shū)。

《媒介是信息》是麥克盧漢最有影響力的書(shū)。雖然這本書(shū)三十多年前首次出版，但它仍然是傳播領(lǐng)域的一部重要經(jīng)典。這是一本書(shū)，一個(gè)你會(huì)反復(fù)思考的想法，閱讀它可能會(huì)改變你對(duì)我們溝通方式的看法。

為什么這本書(shū)如此重要？你可能聽(tīng)過(guò)這樣一句話，“媒介就是信息”，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)進(jìn)入了我們的詞匯表。McLuhan所說(shuō)的意思是，人們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)媒體比他們學(xué)習(xí)信息更重要。換言之，傳播信息的方法對(duì)公眾的影響大于信息本身。溝通就是文化，文化就是溝通。

麥克盧漢并不認(rèn)為自己是譴責(zé)媒體的批評(píng)家。他對(duì)決定電視是好是壞不感興趣。他只是想讓人們了解它是如何影響他們的，這樣他們就可以自己做出明智的決定。我們才剛剛開(kāi)始了解媒體影響我們文化的方式。社會(huì)學(xué)家、心理學(xué)家、媒體生態(tài)學(xué)家許多領(lǐng)域的人都在試圖解釋媒體、價(jià)值觀和行為之間的關(guān)系。

電視對(duì)我們是好還是壞？電視是導(dǎo)致人類(lèi)行為，還是僅僅記錄它？研究電視尤其是電視暴力對(duì)兒童行為影響的研究人員對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題特別感興趣?，F(xiàn)在，電視開(kāi)始與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等其他電子媒體融合，越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題和新問(wèn)題要求人們對(duì)媒體與人類(lèi)發(fā)展的關(guān)系進(jìn)行明智的思考。

三、Effect of Electronic Media托福紅Delta聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題：

Q1:According to the professor,how did children acquire their culture throughout most of history?

A.By experiencing life in another country

B.By watching cultural programs on television

C.By going to the museum and the library

D.By listening to parents and grandparents

Q2:What does the professor mean by the term“cultural narrator”?

A.The voice that tells a story on a television program

B.The medium that conveys a culture’s values and beliefs

C.A book that is considered a classic in its field

D.A scholar who states theories about popular culture

Q3:According to the professor,why did Marshall McLuhan study popular culture?

A.McLuhan wanted to understand the values of his students.

B.McLuhan needed an interesting topic for his dissertation.

C.McLuhan wanted to write stories for a popular magazine.

D.McLuhan enjoyed watching television with his family.

Q4:What is the professor’s opinion of The Medium is the Message?

A.It is a good source of information about cultural history.

B.Its ideas are becoming less relevant today than in the past.

C.It was the first book to argue that television was bad for society.

D.It will influence how the students think about communication.

Q5:Why does the professor say this:

A.To compare different ways of conveying a message

B.To explain an important theory of communications

C.To show that miscommunication is a serious problem

D.To introduce a controversial topic of conversation

Q6:

What does the professor imply about the effects of the media on society?

A.The media did not affect society before the twentieth century.

B.Television has a mostly negative effect on human behavior.

C.The media’s effects are of widespread interest and concern.

D.The Internet will be the most influential medium in the future.

四、Effect of Electronic Media托福紅Delta聽(tīng)力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：B

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：C

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