2021年2月20日雅思考試機(jī)經(jīng)回憶完整版(3)

2021年2月20日雅思考試機(jī)經(jīng)回憶完整版(3) 關(guān)于這個(gè)問題下面小編就來為各個(gè)考生解答下。

2021年2月20日雅思考試機(jī)經(jīng)回憶完整版(3)

READING

Passage 1

Topic

北極探險(xiǎn)

待補(bǔ)充

Passage 2

Topic

Stress of Workplace

How busy is too busy? For some it means having to miss the

occasional long lunch; for others it means missing lunch altogether.For a few,it is not being able to take a "sickie"(病假) once a month. Then there is agroup of people for whom working every evening and weekend is normal, andfrantic is the tempo of their lives.For most senior executives, workloads swingbetween extremely busy and frenzied.The vice-president of the managementconsultancy AT Kearney and its head of telecommunications for the Asia-Pacific region,Neil Plumridge, says his work weeks vary from a"manageable"45 hours to 80 hours, but average 60 hours.

Threewarning signs alert Plumridge about his workload: sleep,

scheduling and family.He knows he has too much on when he gets less thansix hours of sleep for three consecutive nights; when he is constantly havingto reschedule appointments;"and the third one is on the family side", saysPlumridge, the father of a three-year-old daughter, and expecting a secondchild in October. " Ifl happen to miss a birthday or anniversary, l know thingsare out of control."Being "too busy" is highly subjective.But for any individual,the perception of being too busy over a prolonged period can start showing upas stress: disturbed sleep, and declining mental and physical health.Nationalworkers' compensation figures show stress causes the most lost time of any workplace injury. Employees suffering stress are off work an average of 16.6weeks.The effects of stress are also expensive. Comcare, the Federal

Government insurer, reports that in 2003-04, claims for psychological injuryaccounted for 7% of claims but almost 27% of claim costs.Experts say thekey to dealing with stress is not to focus on relief - a game of golf or amassage - but to reassess workloads. Neil Plumridge says he makes it apriority to work out what has to change; that might mean allocating extra

resources to a job, allowing more time or changing expectations.The decisionmay take several days.He also relies on the advice of colleagues, saying his

peers coach each other with business problems. "Just a fresh pair of eyesover an issue can help," he says.

Executive stress is not confined to big organisations.Vanessa Stoykovhas been running her own advertising and public relations business for sevenyears,specialising in work for financial and professional services firms.

Evolution Media has grown so fast that it debuted on the BRW Fast 100 list offastest-growing small enterprises last year - just after Stoykov had her firstchild. Stoykov thrives on the mental stimulation of running her own business."Like everyone, l have the occasional day when l think my head's going toblow off," she says.Because of the growth phase the business is in, Stoykovhas to concentrate on short-term stress relief-weekends in the mountains, theoccasional "mental health" day -rather than delegating more work.She says:"We're hiring more people, but you need to train them, teach them about theculture and the clients, so it's actually more work rather than less."

Dldentify the causes: Jan Elsnera, Melbourne psychologist who

specialises in executive coaching, says thriving on a demanding workload istypical of senior executives and other high-potential business people. She says there is no one-size-fits-all approach to stress: some people work bestwith high-adrenalin periods followed by quieter patches, while others thriveunder sustained pressure."We could take urine and blood hormonal

measures and pass a judgement of whether someone's physiologically

stressed or not,"she says. "But that's not going to give us an indicator of whattheir experience of stress is, and what the emotional and cognitive impacts ofstress are going to be."

Eisner's practice is informed by a movement known as positivepsychology, a school of thought that argues "positive" experiences - feelingengaged,challenged, and that one is making a contribution to somethingmeaningful - do not balance out negative ones such as stress; instead, theyhelp people increase their resilience over time. Good stress, or positiveexperiences of being challenged and rewarded, is thus cumulative in the

same way as bad stress.Eisner says many of the senior business people shecoaches are relying more on regulating bad stress through methods such asmeditation and yoga. She points to research showing that meditation can alterthe biochemistry of the brain and actualy help people "retrain" the way theirbrains and bodies react to stress."Meditation and yoga enable you to shift theway that your brain reacts,so if you get proficient at it you're in control.

F The Australian vice-president of AT Keamey,Neil Plumridge, says:"Often stress is caused by our setting unrealistic expectations of ourselves. I'lIpromise a client I'll do something tomorrow, and then [promise] another clientthe same thing, when l really know it's not going to happen. l've put stress onmyself when l could have said to the clients: 'Why don't l give that to you in 48hours?'The client doesn't care."Over committing is something people

experience as an individual problem. We explain it as the result of procrastination or Parkinson's law: that work expands to fill the time available.New research indicates that people may be hard-wired to do it.

A study in the February issue of the Journal of Experimental

Psychology shows that people always believe they will be less busy in thefuture than now.This is a misapprehension, according to the authors of thereport,Professor Gal Zauberman, of the University of North Carolina, andProfessor John Lynch, of Duke University."On average, an individual will be

just as busy two weeks or a month from now as he or she is today.But that isnot how it appears to be in everyday life," they wrote."People often make

commitments long in advance that they would never make if the samecommitments required immediate action.That is, they discount future timeinvestments relatively steeply." Why do we perceive a greater "surplus" oftime in the future than in the present? The researchers suggest that peopleunderestimate completion times for tasks stretching into the future, and thatthey are bad at imagining future competition for their time.

Question 14-18

Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-D) withopinions or deeds below.

Write the appropriate letters A-D in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.

A、Jan Elsnera

B、Vanessa Stoykov

C、Gal Zauberman

D、Neil Plumridge

14Work stress usually happens in the high level of a business.

15 More people's ideas involved would be beneficial for stress relief.

16Temporary holiday sometimes doesn't mean less work.

17Stress leads to a wrong direction when trying to satisfy customers.

18lt is not correct that stress in the future will be eased more than now.

Question 19-21

Choose the correct letter , A,B,C or D.

Write your answers in boxes 19-21 on your answer sheet.

19 Which of the following workplace stress is NOT mentioned according toPlumridge in the following options Not enough time spend on familyB Unable to concentrate on worklnadequate time of sleep DAlteration of appointment

20 Which of the following solution is NOT mentioned in helping reduce thework pressure according to Plumridge Allocate more personnel Increase more time Lower expectation

D Do sports and massage

21 What is point of view of Jan Elsnera towards work stress

A Medical test can only reveal part of the data needed to cope with stressB Index somebody samples will be abnormal in a stressful experience Emotional and cognitive affection is superior to physical one

D One well designed solution can release all stress

Question 22-27

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage,using NOMORE THAN Two wORDS from the Reading Passage for eachanswer.

Write your answers in boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet.

Statistics from National worker's compensation indicate stress plays the mostimportant role in 22....... which cause the time losses.Staffs take about23..... for absence from work caused by stress.Not just time is our mainconcern but great expenses generated consequently.An official insurer wrotesometime that about 24..... of all claims were mental issues whereas nearly27% costs in all claims,Sports Such as 25...... as well as 27...... could be atreatment to release stress; However, specialists recommended anotherpractical way out, analyse 27.... once again.

參考答案:

14-18為匹配題

14.A

15.D

16.B

17.D1

18.C

19-21為單選題

19.B

20.D

21.A

22-27為填空題

22.workplace injury

23.16.6 weeks

24.7%

25.golf

26.massage27.workloads

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