Clovis people&caches托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

Clovis people&caches托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

一、Clovis people&caches托福聽(tīng)力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:We will be looking at the original settlement of the Americas next,and I'll spend the next few classes talking about the Clovis people and the two big questions archaeologists have about them...

...the two big questions are,when did the Clovis people arrive in the Americas?And,of course,were they the first people in the Western Hemisphere?And we'll get to that.But for today,let's try to get an idea about,well,a question that's not addressed as much as the others and that's what was their culture like?And how do we figure that out?Now,again,there's a great debate about when the Clovis people first arrived in the Americas.And I am not like a lot of archaeologists who want to push the number way back,so let's use a round number and probably a safe number and say 11,000 years ago.The Clovis people were likely settling North America 11,000 years ago.And leave it at that for now.Now,most of what we know about the Clovis people comes from one of their tools:the Clovis point.When we talk about a point we are referring to a piece of stone that's worked to a sharp point,in this case probably to be attached to a spear.The Clovis point may be the most analyzed artifact in archaeology.

And the point used by Clovis people differs slightly from later points,in the way that the base of the stone is thinned,uh,it's thinner toward the base,the part that's attached to the spear.So when one is found,it's usually not confused with points made by later groups.Clovis points have been discovered at both hunting grounds and camp sites,which you might expect.But another fascinating place we find them is in Clovis caches.A cache is just something stored or hidden away.It's also the term for the place where it's hidden.

The Clovis caches are collections of tools,stone points and other tools made of stone or bone,often at various stages of manufacturing,some were left unfinished.The traditional explanation is that these were emergency supplies,uh,meant to be used at a later time.Since the Clovis people were highly mobile,it's plausible that they would set up spots along established travel routes where they keep a variety of items.Either so that they wouldn't have to carry everything with them or so they could save time once they arrived at a site by not having to make stuff from scratch.But there's another theory about the caches based on the quality of some of the points we've found.You see,the points in some caches differ from other points,from points at Clovis camp sites for example.For one thing,these cache points are quite large,up to twice as large as regular points,so big that you couldn't attach one to a spear say,and expect to throw the spear accurately over any distance.So what were they for?Well,it was originally thought that they were unfinished,that someone was working away a point,then had to stop and put it aside in one of these caches to work on later.The problem is:it's unlikely that a point would have started out as large as the points in these caches.That would be a lot of stone to chip away.

A toolmaker starts with a smaller piece.And actually,far from being unfinished,a lot of these points really show excellent craftsmanship and attention to detail.And not just with respect to the skill,but also with respect to the raw material,it seems that cached points are made from the very best pieces of stone.So we have to ask:could these points have served another purpose?Maybe they weren't just tools.Look at it this way.When the Clovis people first arrived in the Americas,they had a lot to learn about their new environment.Over time,they would have begun to recognize some places as special,important for some reason.Maybe there was always water available there.Or the hunting was especially good.So maybe the cache was a way to mark the place as significant.

二、Clovis people&caches托福聽(tīng)力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽(tīng)一節(jié)考古學(xué)課上的講座。女教授：接下來(lái)我們將研究美洲的原始定居點(diǎn)，接下來(lái)的幾節(jié)課我將討論克洛維斯人以及考古學(xué)家對(duì)他們的兩大問(wèn)題。。。

…兩個(gè)大問(wèn)題是，克洛維斯人什么時(shí)候到達(dá)美洲的？當(dāng)然，他們是西半球的第一批人嗎？我們會(huì)解決的。但今天，讓我們?cè)囍私庖粋€(gè)問(wèn)題，這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有其他問(wèn)題那么多，他們的文化是什么樣的？我們?cè)趺粗滥兀楷F(xiàn)在，關(guān)于克洛維斯人第一次來(lái)到美洲是什么時(shí)候，有一場(chǎng)大辯論。我不像很多考古學(xué)家那樣想把數(shù)字推回過(guò)去，所以讓我們使用一個(gè)整數(shù)，可能是一個(gè)安全的數(shù)字，比如11000年前?？寺寰S斯人可能在11000年前定居北美?，F(xiàn)在就這樣吧?，F(xiàn)在，我們對(duì)克洛維斯人的了解大多來(lái)自他們的工具之一：克洛維斯點(diǎn)。當(dāng)我們談?wù)撘粋€(gè)點(diǎn)時(shí)，我們指的是一塊石頭，它被加工成一個(gè)尖銳的點(diǎn)，在這種情況下，可能是附在矛上的?？寺寰S斯角可能是考古學(xué)中分析最多的人工制品。

克洛維斯人使用的點(diǎn)與后來(lái)的點(diǎn)略有不同，因?yàn)槭^的底部變薄了，呃，朝著底部，也就是連接到矛上的部分變薄了。因此，當(dāng)一個(gè)被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，它通常不會(huì)與后來(lái)的小組提出的觀點(diǎn)相混淆。在狩獵場(chǎng)和營(yíng)地都發(fā)現(xiàn)了克洛維斯點(diǎn)，這可能是你所期望的。但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的另一個(gè)迷人的地方是克洛維斯的藏匿處。緩存只是存儲(chǔ)或隱藏的東西。它也是一個(gè)隱藏的地方的術(shù)語(yǔ)。

克洛維斯的藏品是由石頭或骨頭制成的工具、石尖和其他工具的集合，通常處于不同的制造階段，其中一些未完成。傳統(tǒng)的解釋是，這些是應(yīng)急物資，呃，準(zhǔn)備以后使用。由于克洛維斯人的流動(dòng)性很強(qiáng)，他們可能會(huì)沿著既定的旅行路線設(shè)立地點(diǎn)，在那里存放各種物品。這樣一來(lái)，他們就不必隨身攜帶任何東西，或者在到達(dá)一個(gè)站點(diǎn)后，不必從頭開(kāi)始制作東西，從而節(jié)省時(shí)間。但是還有另一種關(guān)于緩存的理論，基于我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些點(diǎn)的質(zhì)量。你看，一些緩存中的點(diǎn)不同于其他點(diǎn)，例如克洛維斯?fàn)I地的點(diǎn)。一方面，這些緩存點(diǎn)相當(dāng)大，是常規(guī)點(diǎn)的兩倍，大到你無(wú)法將一個(gè)連接到矛上，并期望將矛準(zhǔn)確地拋過(guò)任何距離。那幺，他們是為了什么？好吧，最初人們認(rèn)為它們是未完成的，有人正在努力解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后不得不停下來(lái)，把它放在這些緩存中的一個(gè)，以后再處理。問(wèn)題是：一個(gè)點(diǎn)不太可能像這些緩存中的點(diǎn)那樣大。那將是一個(gè)很大的石頭。

工具制造者從較小的工件開(kāi)始。事實(shí)上，這些點(diǎn)中的很多都不是未完成的，而是展示了出色的工藝和對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注。不僅在技能方面，而且在原材料方面，似乎緩存點(diǎn)是由最好的石頭制成的。因此，我們不得不問(wèn)：這些觀點(diǎn)是否有其他用途？也許它們不僅僅是工具。這樣看。當(dāng)克洛維斯人第一次來(lái)到美洲時(shí)，他們對(duì)新環(huán)境有很多了解。隨著時(shí)間的推移，他們會(huì)因?yàn)槟撤N原因開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到一些地方的特殊性和重要性。也許那里總是有水?；蛘哒f(shuō)打獵特別好。所以，也許緩存是一種將這個(gè)地方標(biāo)記為重要的方式。

三、Clovis people&caches托福聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題：

Q1:1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To explain the method used to date Clovis caches

B.To compare two different types of Clovis caches

C.To discuss possible interpretations of Clovis caches

D.To show how caches indicate the route traveled by the Clovis people

Q2:2.What does the professor imply when she mentions a debateabout when the Clovis people arrived in the Americas?

A.An arrival date of 11,000 years ago is acceptable for the purpose of her lecture.

B.An arrival date of 11,000 years ago is inconsistent with some aspects of Clovis culture.

C.Only a few archaeologists believe the arrival date is much earlier than 11,000 years ago.

D.The debate about the arrival date of the Clovis people has recently been settled.

Q3:3.According to the lecture,what is the traditional explanation for Clovis caches?

A.They were supplies kept in storage for future use.

B.They were valuable items for trading with other groups.

C.They were carved objects that served as maps.

D.They were forms of communication.

Q4:4.According to the lecture,what is indicated by the size of the points found in some Clovis caches?

A.Methods of tool making varied between different Clovis groups.

B.The Clovis people made a variety of tools for different purposes.

C.The points may not have been functional tools.

D.The larger points made the Clovis people's spears more effective.

Q5:5.What were two characteristics of tools found in Clovis caches?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.They were made later than other Clovis tools.

B.They were skillfully made.

C.They were carved with particular symbols.

D.They were made of the best pieces of stone.

Q6:6.According to the alternative hypothesis the professor mentions,why might the Clovis people have buried caches?

A.To indicate that they were the owners of the land

B.To pass cultural knowledge to future generations

C.To recognize that a place had a special meaning

D.To give a name to a particular area

四、Clovis people&caches托福聽(tīng)力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：BD

A6:正確答案：C

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