托福tpo63聽力conversation2 hearing and read the ancient text

托福tpo63聽力conversation2 hearing and read the ancient text，那么接下來(lái)就跟著中國(guó)教育在線的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。

hearing and read the ancient text托福聽力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

一、hearing and read the ancient text托福聽力原文：

Listen to part of a lecture in an ancient history class.The professor has been discussing the Sumerians and the Arcadians,two ancient peoples from an area that is in modern day Iraq.

Professor:So far,we've been focusing on the written record of the Sumerians and the Arcadians,like the cuneiform inscriptions we saw in those slides last week to see how historians work with archaeologists and linguists to put together the pieces of the puzzle.What do these ancient symbols mean?What do they tell us about ancient peoples?We've seen how these ancient texts shed light on social institutions,such as legal systems,like code or practical aspects of everyday life,such as farming and irrigation methods,as well as religious and artistic texts.

Now we'll be discussing ancient texts when we move to Egypt to see how the hieroglyphics,the Egyptians first weighting system reveal to us the foundations of their civilization.But before we leave Arcadians,I want to take a minute to let you hear what some of their texts sounded like in the original language,which obviously is no longer spoken,or at least what linguists think it sounded like.Now this is based on somewhat speculative and fairly recent research,but it should give you some idea of what the ancient language sounded like.OK.So I bought this really interesting tape.It's a recording of Arcadians texts,mostly fragments of myths and poetry,but also practical topics like a but let's see,the first reading is okay.This one's about agriculture.It’s actually from a four-thousand-year-old farmers manual with advice on growing barley.And then yes,George,but did you have a question?

George:I uh,I was just wondering,um,I mean,It's really cool that you guys have figured out what it sounds like and all,but I don't get why,why would you all care so much about a language nobody speaks anymore?It's not like you have to learn how to say,oh,I don't know.Uh,which way to the airport?

Professor:Okay,George,I see where you're going with that.And that's a really good question,especially since that selection from the farmers manual is probably not the best example of why all this should interest you.Of course,I'm fascinated,but then that's my profession.I guess the more important reason has to do with our appreciation of ancient literature,the myths and poetry.Now,that's something that really is important to hear,as well as read since,well,for the Arcadians,as for most early civilizations,the literature was mainly an oral tradition.You have to understand that back then,writing like engraving into stone was an expensive and laborious process.With no formal system of education,most people were illiterate.In fact,the few people who could read and write the professional scribes formed a separate class.Well,ancient peoples nevertheless had literature,but it was an oral literature,a spoken body of legends,myths,poems,which were occasionally written down,but mostly memorized and passed down from generation to generation.

So OK,let's go to the recording of part of the story of Gilgamesh.Now,this is one of the oldest myths ever told.While this story was meant to be re cited aloud even chanted or sung.So to appreciate how Arcadians experienced the legend,we should really hear it not just look at the translation.And then right after that,there are some poems now,most poets even today craft their poetry,thinking about how it sounds to their readers,the rhymes,the rhythms of the language,that kind of thing,so that even if you're just reading it on the page,you're still hearing it in your head.Right?So George,you’re right,the part of the tape about laws and practical stuff,that probably wouldn't be much interest anyone but a specialist,but I hope I've convinced you that to appreciate ancient literature,you really need to know what it sounded like.Now,this is someone outside the scope of this class,but I know several of you are studying ancient languages and literature.So this could even be a topic for a research paper.Okay.Here let me first read to you in English,of course,the part you're gonna hear this is from the end of the story were Gilgamesh,the hero is offered the chance to become immortal,but then loses that opportunity.So he weeps and says,for whom have I labored?For whom have I journeyed?For whom have I suffered?I have gained absolutely nothing for myself.You hear that repetition of for whom this really brings home the character sadness,and by contrast emphasizes that nothing in the next line.Now,the English translation does preserve the repetition of the original Akkadian words.But what about other types of aural effects,like repetition of a syllable or other sounds within a word,that kind of thing gets lost when you translate into a modern language.

二、hearing and read the ancient text托福聽力中文翻譯：

聽一節(jié)古代歷史課上的講座。這位教授一直在討論蘇美爾人和阿卡迪亞人，這兩個(gè)來(lái)自現(xiàn)代伊拉克地區(qū)的古老民族。

教授：到目前為止，我們一直專注于蘇美爾人和阿卡迪亞人的書面記錄，比如上周我們?cè)诨脽羝锌吹降男ㄐ挝淖帚懳?，看看歷史學(xué)家如何與考古學(xué)家和語(yǔ)言學(xué)家合作來(lái)拼湊拼圖。這些古代符號(hào)是什么意思？他們告訴我們關(guān)于古代民族的什么？我們已經(jīng)看到這些古代文獻(xiàn)如何揭示社會(huì)制度，如法律制度，如法典或日常生活的實(shí)際方面，如農(nóng)業(yè)和灌溉方法，以及宗教和藝術(shù)文本。

現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)我們前往埃及時(shí)，我們將討論古代文本，看看象形文字，即埃及人的第一個(gè)加權(quán)系統(tǒng)，是如何向我們揭示他們文明的基礎(chǔ)的。但在我們離開阿卡迪亞之前，我想花一分鐘時(shí)間讓你們聽聽他們的一些文本在原始語(yǔ)言中聽起來(lái)是什么樣的，顯然已經(jīng)不再使用了，或者至少是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為它聽起來(lái)是什么樣子的。現(xiàn)在這是基于一些推測(cè)和最近的研究，但它應(yīng)該能讓你對(duì)古代語(yǔ)言的發(fā)音有一些了解。好的。所以我買了這盤非常有趣的磁帶。這是一個(gè)阿卡迪亞文本的記錄，大部分是神話和詩(shī)歌的片段，但也像一個(gè)實(shí)際的主題，但讓我們看看，第一次閱讀是可以的。這是關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)的。事實(shí)上，這是一本有四千年歷史的農(nóng)民手冊(cè)，里面有種植大麥的建議。然后是的，喬治，但你有問(wèn)題嗎？

喬治：我呃，我只是想知道，嗯，我的意思是，你們知道這聽起來(lái)像什么真的很酷，但我不明白為什么，為什么你們都這么在乎一種沒有人會(huì)說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言？這并不是說(shuō)你必須學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)，哦，我不知道。呃，去機(jī)場(chǎng)怎么走？

教授：好的，喬治，我明白你的意思了。這是一個(gè)非常好的問(wèn)題，特別是因?yàn)閺霓r(nóng)民手冊(cè)中選擇的內(nèi)容可能不是你為什么會(huì)對(duì)這一切感興趣的最好例子。當(dāng)然，我很著迷，但那是我的職業(yè)。我想更重要的原因與我們對(duì)古代文學(xué)、神話和詩(shī)歌的欣賞有關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在，這真的是一件很重要的事情，因?yàn)閷?duì)于阿卡迪亞人和大多數(shù)早期文明來(lái)說(shuō)，文學(xué)主要是口頭傳統(tǒng)。你必須明白，在那個(gè)時(shí)候，像雕刻石頭一樣書寫是一個(gè)昂貴而費(fèi)力的過(guò)程。由于沒有正規(guī)的教育體系，大多數(shù)人都是文盲。事實(shí)上，少數(shù)能夠讀寫專業(yè)抄寫員的人組成了一個(gè)單獨(dú)的班級(jí)。盡管如此，古人還是有文學(xué)，但它是一種口頭文學(xué)，是傳說(shuō)、神話、詩(shī)歌的口語(yǔ)體，偶爾會(huì)被記錄下來(lái)，但大多是被記住并代代相傳的。

好吧，讓我們來(lái)錄制吉爾伽美什故事的一部分。現(xiàn)在，這是有史以來(lái)最古老的神話之一。雖然這個(gè)故事是為了被大聲引用，甚至被吟唱或歌唱。因此，為了欣賞阿卡迪亞人是如何經(jīng)歷這個(gè)傳說(shuō)的，我們應(yīng)該真正聽到它，而不僅僅是看它的翻譯。然后就在那之后，現(xiàn)在有一些詩(shī)歌，大多數(shù)詩(shī)人甚至今天都在創(chuàng)作他們的詩(shī)歌，思考它對(duì)讀者的聲音、韻律、語(yǔ)言的節(jié)奏等等，所以即使你只是在頁(yè)面上閱讀，你仍然能在腦海中聽到它。正當(dāng)喬治，你說(shuō)得對(duì)，磁帶中關(guān)于法律和實(shí)際問(wèn)題的部分，除了專家之外，可能不會(huì)引起任何人的興趣，但我希望我已經(jīng)說(shuō)服你，要欣賞古代文學(xué)，你真的需要知道它聽起來(lái)像什么?，F(xiàn)在，這是本課程范圍之外的人，但我知道你們中有幾個(gè)人正在學(xué)習(xí)古代語(yǔ)言和文學(xué)。所以這甚至可以成為一篇研究論文的主題。好的。讓我先用英語(yǔ)給你讀，當(dāng)然，你會(huì)聽到這個(gè)故事結(jié)尾的部分是吉爾伽美什，主人公有機(jī)會(huì)成為不朽的，但后來(lái)失去了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。于是他哭著說(shuō)，我為誰(shuí)勞苦？我為誰(shuí)旅行？我為誰(shuí)受苦？我對(duì)自己一無(wú)所獲。你聽到的重復(fù)，這真的為誰(shuí)帶來(lái)了角色的悲傷，相比之下，強(qiáng)調(diào)在下一行什么也沒有?，F(xiàn)在，英語(yǔ)翻譯確實(shí)保留了阿卡迪亞語(yǔ)原詞的重復(fù)。但是其他類型的聽覺效果呢，比如在單詞中重復(fù)音節(jié)或其他聲音，當(dāng)你翻譯成現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言時(shí)，這種效果就會(huì)消失。

三、hearing and read the ancient text托福聽力問(wèn)題：

Q1:What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To compare two ancient civilizations

B.To suggest topics for the students'next research paper

C.To show the importance of hearing an ancient text read aloud

D.To explain how linguists determine the correct pronunciation of ancient languages

Q2:According to the professor,what have previous classes concentrated on?

A.Recent discoveries about Sumerian agriculture

B.The influence of Sumerian culture on ancient Egypt

C.The written records of the ancient Akkadians

D.Akkadian buildings that have been preserved

Q3:Why does the professor say that the recording of the farming advice was NOT a good example?

A.She does not find the farming advice interesting.

B.The words on the tape were not pronounced accurately.

C.The farming advice is not typical of Akkadian agricultural techniques.

D.A literary example would be more appropriate than an agricultural example.

Q4:Why does the professor mention the fact that few Akkadians knew how to read or write?

A.To emphasize the importance of the oral tradition in ancient literature

B.To emphasize the necessity for scribes in Akkadian society

C.To explain why linguists are not sure what Akkadian poetry sounded like

D.To explain why few examples of Akkadian literature exist today

Q5:Why does the professor read an excerpt from the epic of Gilgamesh to the class?

A.To show that modern literature is meant to be read aloud

B.To show the effect of repeated words on a listener

C.To compare a historical character to a mythical character

D.To compare two translations of the same myth

四、hearing and read the ancient text托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：A

A5:正確答案：B

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