Copper托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Copper托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Copper托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a materials science class.

MALE PROFESSOR:So what's the first thing that comes to mind when we talk about uses for copper?Tammy?

FEMALE STUDENT:The penny?It's made of copper…

MALE PROFESSOR:Okay,good one…but what’s a one-cent coin worth these days?You might get back change,like if you go to the store and give the cashier five dollars for something that costs four dollars ninety-eight cents,you'll get two cents back…but two cents doesn't buy much.The value of the penny in terms of what it'll buy has gotten so low that there's actually a move afoot to eliminate the coin from U.S.currency.But there's more to it.

As Tammy implied,the penny looks like it's solid copper.It's reddish orange,with a bright metallic luster when it's new;but that's just the copper plating.The penny's not solid copper;in actuality,it's almost 98 percent zinc.

But,um,given the rising value of both these metals,each penny now costs about 1.7 cents to produce…so it generates what’s called negative seigniorage.

Negative seigniorage is when the cost of minting a coin is more than the coin’s face value.Even though the penny generates quite a bit of negative seigniorage,there’s concern that if it is eliminated,we’ll need more nickels—because more merchants might start setting prices in five-cent increments…four dollars ninety-five cents,and so on.So we need a trusty five-cent piece that can be minted economically.But the nickel’s negative seigniorage is even worse than the penny’s…each nickel costs the U.S.Mint ten cents to produce!

Also,some of us are pretty attached to pennies for whatever reason…nostalgia,and then there's collectors…and people,if they see a penny on the sidewalk,they'll pick it up and think,“It's my lucky day.”

Another scenario is that without pennies,merchants,instead of charging four-ninety-eight,might round up the price to an even five dollars.So consumer goods would become slightly more expensive.But,on the other hand,some cash transactions would be more convenient for consumers.And,as I said,the government would save money if pennies were eliminated.

FEMALE STUDENT:But wouldn't the copper industry suffer financially if the U.S.government stopped buying copper to make pennies?

MALE PROFESSOR:But how much copper do pennies actually contain?

FEMALE STUDENT:How much…Oh,got it… right.

MALE PROFESSOR:So,what else comes to mind when you think about copper?What else is copper used for?

FEMALE STUDENT:I know that copper can be shaped into all sorts of things:sheets...tubing....My cousin’s house has a copper roof.

MALE PROFESSOR:Yes,like gold and silver,copper’s extremely malleable,but it’s not a precious metal;it’s far less expensive than gold or silver.It's also a superb conductor of electricity,so you can stretch it into wires,which go into appliances and even car motors.

Copper also has superior alloying properties—it's,y'know,when it's combined with other metals.

For instance,how many of you play a brass instrument,like a trumpet or trombone?

Well,brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.If your trombone was made of pure copper or pure zinc,it wouldn't sound nearly as beautiful as a brass trombone.

Another alloy,a combination of copper and nickel,resists corrosion…it doesn't rust,even with prolonged exposure to water.

FEMALE STUDENT:But what about the Statue of Liberty,in New York Harbor?It's made of pure copper,but it turned green.Isn't that a sign of corrosion?

MALE PROFESSOR:Indirectly.If copper's exposed to damp air,its color changes from reddish orange to reddish brown.

But,in time,a green film called a“patina”forms,and the patina actually serves to halt any further corrosion.It's one reason that ship hulls are made of copper-nickel alloys.These alloys are also hard for barnacles to stick to.If these little shellfish adhere to the hull of a ship,it produces drag,slowing the vessel down.

Copper's also a key material used in solar-heating units and in water-desalination plants,which are playing increasingly important roles in society.

Bottom line?If you're a copper miner,you won't lose any sleep should the penny get—if you'll excuse the expression—pinched out of existence.

二、Copper托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在材料科學(xué)課上聽講座的一部分。

男教授：那么，當(dāng)我們談?wù)撱~的用途時，首先想到的是什么？塔米？

女學(xué)生：便士？它是銅做的…

男教授：好的，很好……但是現(xiàn)在一分錢的硬幣值多少錢呢？你可能會拿回零錢，比如如果你去商店給收銀員5美元買一件4美元98美分的東西，你會拿回2美分……但2美分買不了多少。按購買金額計算，一便士的價值已變得如此之低，以至于實際上正在采取行動，從美國貨幣中消除該硬幣。但還有更多。

正如塔米暗示的那樣，這枚硬幣看起來像是純銅。它是紅橙色的，新的時候有明亮的金屬光澤；但那只是鍍銅而已。便士不是純銅；實際上，鋅含量幾乎為98%。

但是，嗯，考慮到這兩種金屬的價值都在上升，現(xiàn)在每一分錢的生產(chǎn)成本約為1.7美分……因此產(chǎn)生了所謂的負(fù)鑄幣稅。

負(fù)鑄幣稅是指鑄幣成本高于面值的情況。盡管一分錢會產(chǎn)生相當(dāng)多的負(fù)鑄幣稅，但有人擔(dān)心，如果取消，我們將需要更多的五分錢，因為更多的商家可能會開始以五美分的增量定價……四美元九十五美分，依此類推。因此，我們需要一個可靠的5美分硬幣，可以經(jīng)濟(jì)地鑄造。但鎳的負(fù)鑄幣稅甚至比一便士的還要糟糕……每一枚鎳的生產(chǎn)成本都是美國造幣廠的10美分！

此外，我們中的一些人無論出于什么原因都非常喜歡便士……懷舊，還有收藏家……人們，如果他們在人行道上看到一便士，就會撿起它并想，“這是我的幸運日。”

另一種情況是，如果沒有便士，商家可能會將價格提高到甚至5美元，而不是收取498美元。因此，消費品將變得稍微貴一些。但是，另一方面，一些現(xiàn)金交易會更方便消費者。而且，正如我所說的，如果不使用硬幣，政府將節(jié)省資金。

女學(xué)生：但是如果美國政府停止購買銅來制造硬幣，銅產(chǎn)業(yè)不會在財政上受到影響嗎？

男教授：但是一便士實際上含有多少銅呢？

女生：多少錢……哦，明白了；正當(dāng)

男教授：那么，當(dāng)你想到銅的時候，你還會想到什么？銅還有什么用途？

女學(xué)生：我知道銅可以做成各種各樣的東西：薄片。。。油管。。。。我堂兄的房子有一個銅屋頂。

男教授：是的，就像金和銀一樣，銅的延展性很強，但它不是貴金屬；它比黃金或白銀便宜得多。它也是一種極好的電導(dǎo)體，所以你可以把它拉伸成電線，電線可以連接到電器甚至汽車發(fā)動機上。

銅還具有優(yōu)異的合金化性能，你知道，當(dāng)它與其他金屬結(jié)合時。

例如，你們中有多少人會演奏銅管樂器，比如小號或長號？

黃銅是銅和鋅的合金。如果你的長號是用純銅或純鋅做的，聽起來就沒有黃銅長號那么漂亮了。

另一種合金是銅和鎳的混合物，耐腐蝕……即使長時間暴露在水中也不會生銹。

女學(xué)生：但是紐約港的自由女神像呢？它是純銅做的，但它變綠了。這不是腐蝕的跡象嗎？

男教授：間接。如果銅暴露在潮濕的空氣中，其顏色會從紅橙色變?yōu)榧t棕色。

但是，隨著時間的推移，一種稱為“銅綠”的綠色薄膜形成了，這種銅綠實際上可以阻止任何進(jìn)一步的腐蝕。這是船體由銅鎳合金制成的原因之一。這些合金對藤壺來說也很難附著。如果這些小貝類附著在船體上，就會產(chǎn)生阻力，使船只減速。

銅也是用于太陽能加熱裝置和海水淡化廠的關(guān)鍵材料，在社會中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。

要旨如果你是一個銅礦工人，如果你能原諒這個被掐死的表情，那么如果你得到一分錢，你就不會失眠。

三、Copper托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What does the professor mainly discuss?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Reasons for fluctuations in the price of copper

B.Some important attributes of copper

C.The production of coins from copper and zinc

D.The possible future of the United States penny

Q2:2.What arguments in favor of keeping the penny in circulation does the professor emphasize?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Some people are emotionally attached to pennies.

B.Pennies cost very little to produce.

C.The price of consumer goods could rise.

D.The copper industry's profits depend on the production of pennies.

Q3:3.What does the professor say about the negative seigniorage of the nickel?

A.The United States government is looking for ways to reduce it.

B.It is significantly greater than that of the penny.

C.It is less of a problem than some people believe it to be.

D.Merchants benefit from it more than consumers do.

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention the trumpet and trombone?

A.To compare the sound-generating properties of copper with those of zinc

B.To exemplify the benefits of mixing copper with other metals

C.To point out that copper can be shaped into a variety of forms

D.To point out that objects containing copper can shine like gold

Q5:5.What does the professor imply about the green patina that sometimes appears on copper?

A.It is difficult to remove by conventional means.

B.It adds to the beauty of objects made of copper.

C.It serves a useful function.

D.It reduces the conductivity of copper.

Q6:6.Why does the professor say this:

A.He wants the woman to realize her own mistake.

B.He wants the woman to support her point with precise numbers.

C.He realizes he neglected to mention an important detail.

D.He shares the woman’s concern about the copper industry.

四、Copper托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：BD

A2:正確答案：AC

A3:正確答案：B

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：C

A6:正確答案：A

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