Earth Radiation Budget托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Earth Radiation Budget托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案，關(guān)于這個問題中國教育在線外語平臺小編就簡單為大家說一下。

一、Earth Radiation Budget托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.

MALE PROFESSOR:Basically,a cloud either contributes to the cooling of Earth's surface or to its heating.Earth's climate system is constantly trying to strike a balance between the cooling and warming effects of clouds.

It's very close,but overall,the cumulative effect of clouds is to cool Earth rather than heat it.And this balance between the amount of solar radiation—energy from the Sun—that's absorbed by Earth and the amount that's reflected back into space, we call this Earth's"radiation budget."And one way we keep track of the radiation budget is by looking at the albedo of the different surfaces on the planet.

A surface's albedo is the percentage of incoming solar energy...sunlight...that's reflected off that surface back into space. Oceans have a low albedo,because they reflect very little energy;most of the solar energy that reaches the ocean gets absorbed and heats the water.Um?rain forests also have low albedos.

Well,by contrast,deserts and areas covered by ice or snow,these places have high albedos.And clouds—in general—clouds also have high albedos.That means that a large percentage of the solar energy clouds receive is reflected back into space.OK?now when we say that clouds have a high albedo,we're talking about the effect of all the clouds on Earth averaged together.But different types of clouds have different reflective properties—they have different albedos.FEMALE STUDENT:So which type of clouds cools Earth?And which type heat it?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,high,thin clouds contribute to heating,while low,thick clouds cool Earth. High,thin clouds are very transparent to solar radiation,like,eh,clear air.So,they mostly transmit incoming solar energy down to Earth; there's not much reflection going on at all.At the same time,these clouds trap in some of Earth's heat.Because of the trapped heat,these clouds have an overall heating effect.

MALE STUDENT:Oh,OK,so since low,thick clouds are not transparent to radiation?MALE PROFESSOR:...exactly,they block much of the solar energy so it never reaches Earth's surface. They reflect much of it back out in to space.

FEMALE STUDENT:So that's how clouds contribute to cooling.MALE PROFESSOR:Yep.And as I said earlier,this cooling effect predominates.Now,what if there was a process that could control the types of clouds that form?MALE STUDENT:Are you talking about controlling the weather?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,I'm not sure I would go that far.But,we recently noticed an increase in cloud cover over an area of the ocean waters around Antarctica—an increased area of low,thick clouds,the type that reflects a large portion of solar energy back to space and cools the Earth.

Well,the reason for this increased cloud cover,it turns out,is the exceptionally large amount of microscopic marine plants. Well,the current hypothesis is that these microorganisms produce a chemical—dimethyl sulfide—that interacts with the oxygen in the air,creating conditions that lead to the formation of the low,thick clouds we've observed.

Well,that's true.It could have huge implications.So,maybe we are talking about controlling the weather.Perhaps,if the microorganisms near Antarctica really are responsible,perhaps we can accelerate the process somehow.

二、Earth Radiation Budget托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在環(huán)境科學(xué)課上聽講座的一部分。

男教授：基本上，云要么有助于地球表面的冷卻，要么有助于地球表面的加熱。地球的氣候系統(tǒng)一直在試圖在云層的冷卻和變暖效應(yīng)之間取得平衡。

雖然距離很近，但總的來說，云的累積效應(yīng)是冷卻地球而不是加熱地球。地球吸收的太陽輻射能量與反射回太空的太陽輻射能量之間的平衡；我們稱之為地球的“輻射收支”我們跟蹤輻射收支的一種方法是觀察地球上不同表面的反照率。

地表反照率是入射太陽能的百分比。。。陽光從表面反射回太空；海洋的反照率很低，因為它們反射的能量很少；大部分到達(dá)海洋的太陽能被吸收并加熱海水。嗯？雨林的反照率也很低。

相比之下，沙漠和冰雪覆蓋地區(qū)的反射率很高。一般來說，云的反照率也很高。這意味著云層接收到的大部分太陽能被反射回太空。好啊現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)我們說云有很高的反照率時，我們談?wù)摰氖堑厍蛏纤性破骄饋淼挠绊?。但是不同類型的云有不同的反射特性，它們有不同的反照率。女學(xué)生：那么哪種云能讓地球變冷呢？哪種類型的加熱呢？男教授：嗯，高而薄的云層有助于加熱，而低而厚的云層使地球變冷；高而薄的云層對太陽輻射非常透明，就像，呃，清澈的空氣。因此，它們主要將入射的太陽能傳輸?shù)降厍?；根本沒有什么反思。與此同時，這些云層還夾雜著地球的一些熱量。由于捕獲的熱量，這些云具有整體加熱效應(yīng)。

男學(xué)生：哦，好吧，既然低云、厚云對輻射不透明？男教授：。。。確切地說，它們阻擋了大部分太陽能，所以它永遠(yuǎn)無法到達(dá)地球表面；它們將大部分信息反射回太空。

女學(xué)生：這就是云對冷卻的作用。男教授：是的。正如我前面所說，這種冷卻效應(yīng)占主導(dǎo)地位?，F(xiàn)在，如果有一個過程可以控制形成的云的類型呢？男學(xué)生：你說的是控制天氣嗎？男教授：嗯，我不確定我會走那么遠(yuǎn)。但是，我們最近注意到，南極洲周圍海域的云量增加了，低云和厚云的面積也增加了，這種云層將大部分太陽能反射回太空，并冷卻地球。

事實證明，云量增加的原因是大量的微小海洋植物；目前的假設(shè)是，這些微生物產(chǎn)生一種化學(xué)二甲基硫化物，它與空氣中的氧氣相互作用，創(chuàng)造條件，導(dǎo)致我們觀察到的低云、厚云的形成。

嗯，那是真的。這可能會產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。所以，也許我們在談?wù)摽刂铺鞖?。也許，如果南極洲附近的微生物真的是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，也許我們可以以某種方式加速這一過程。

三、Earth Radiation Budget托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Ways of identifying different types of clouds

B.Recent research findings about the causes of global warming

C.The impact of clouds on global temperatures

D.The impact of human activity on cloud formation

Q2:2.According to the professor,what is Earth's radiation budget?

A.The average temperature difference between land masses and bodies of water

B.The balance between incoming solar energy and reflected solar energy

C.The percentage of incoming solar energy that gets trapped in clouds

D.The portion of marine species that has been affected by global warming

Q3:3.Why does the professor discuss albedo?

A.To point out that different surfaces have different reflective properties

B.To suggest that the reflective surfaces on Earth should be increased

C.To demonstrate how a cloud's thickness is measured

D.To explain why clear air reflects a large amount of solar energy back to space

Q4:4.What can be inferred from the lecture about the effects of different types of clouds on Earth's climate?

A.Low,thick clouds increase ocean temperatures much more than high,thin clouds do.

B.The cooling effect of low,thick clouds is stronger overall than the heating effect of high,thin clouds.

C.The effect of low,thick clouds is understood better than the effect of high,thin clouds.

D.The effect of low,thick clouds is much more variable than the effect of high,thin clouds.

Q5:5.What does the professor say about microscopic plants in the ocean near Antarctica?

A.They have been raising the ocean's albedo.

B.Their population is increasing due to global warming.

C.They grow more rapidly when cloud cover is thin.

D.They produce a chemical that leads to cloud formation.

Q6:6.Why does the professor say this?

A.To reintroduce a topic from a previous lecture.

B.To correct a common misunderstanding.

C.To encourage students to express their own opinions.

D.To revise his previous response to a student's question.

四、Earth Radiation Budget托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：B

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：D

A6:正確答案：D

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