劍橋雅思10Test4Passage3閱讀答案解析 when evolution runs backwards

劍橋雅思10Test4Passage3閱讀答案解析 when evolution runs backwards

劍橋雅思10 Test4 Passage3閱讀答案解析

第27題答案：C

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第3段：Early 20th-century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability

答案解析：原文中提到，20世紀(jì)初的生物學(xué)家得出了相似的結(jié)論，但他們用概率來(lái)進(jìn)行表述。即20世紀(jì)初的生物學(xué)家對(duì)理論進(jìn)行了修正，由此確定C為答案。A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在immediately，B選項(xiàng)與原文立場(chǎng)相反，D選項(xiàng)則完全沒(méi)有提及，因此統(tǒng)統(tǒng)排除。

第28題答案：D

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第4段：Yet almost since the idea took root, exceptions have been cropping up.

答案解析：這種“例子說(shuō)明什么”的題目，答案一般都在例子前或者例子后。這里是為了說(shuō)明例外不斷出現(xiàn)，unusual與exception對(duì)應(yīng)，由此確定D為答案。A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)在原文中都沒(méi)有提及，而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)則與原文陳述相反，因此統(tǒng)統(tǒng)排除。

第29題答案：C

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第5段：If these silent genes are somehow switched back on, they argued, long-lost traits could reappear.

答案解析：第5段最后提到，如果這些沉默的基因以某種方式再被打開(kāi)，那么已經(jīng)消失很久的特征就會(huì)再次出現(xiàn)。由此確定C為答案。原文中沒(méi)有提到A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)。而D選項(xiàng)則錯(cuò)在unlimited life span，由此統(tǒng)統(tǒng)排除。

第30題答案：B

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第7段：In other words, metamorphosis in mole salamanders is an atavism. The salamander example fits with Raff’s 10-million-year time frame.

答案解析：第7段最后提到，蠑螈的例子符合Raff一千萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間限制，即說(shuō)明了Raff理論的正確性，由此確定B為答案。A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在most amphibians上，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在more than one ability上，D選項(xiàng)則完全沒(méi)有提及。

第31題答案：A

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第8段：According to his analysis of the Bachia family tree, the toed species re-evolved toes from toeless ancestors

答案解析：根據(jù)Wagner的研究，有指頭的物種從沒(méi)有指頭的祖先那里再次進(jìn)化出了指頭，由此確定A為答案。選項(xiàng)B與選項(xiàng)D完全沒(méi)有提到，選項(xiàng)C與原文陳述相反（該例子打破了Raff的時(shí)間限制），因此統(tǒng)統(tǒng)排除。

第32題答案：F

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第1段：For the better part of a century, most biologists have been reluctant to use those words, mindful of a principle of evolution that says ‘evolution cannot run backwards’

答案解析：根據(jù)a long time與a century對(duì)應(yīng)定位到這句話。原文中提到，大多數(shù)生物學(xué)家不愿意使用返祖這一詞匯，認(rèn)為進(jìn)化不可能倒退。選項(xiàng)F中reversible與run backwards同義替換，由此確定答案。

第33題答案：G

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第3段：While Lombroso was measuring criminals, a Belgian palaeontologist called Louis Dollo was studying fossil records and coming to the opposite conclusion.

答案解析：根據(jù)opposite與opposing的對(duì)應(yīng)定位到這句話。原文中表示，一名叫做Louis Dollo的比利時(shí)古生物學(xué)家提出了與Lombroso相反的觀點(diǎn)，由此確定G為答案。

第34題答案：A

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第5段：so many other examples have been discovered that it no longer makes sense to say that evolution is as good as irreversible. And this poses a puzzle: how can characteristics that disappeared millions of years ago suddenly reappear?

答案解析：根據(jù)examples of evolutionary throwbacks定位到這句話。原文中提到這些例子導(dǎo)致一個(gè)問(wèn)題，即這些幾百萬(wàn)年前消失的特征如何突然再次出現(xiàn)。A選項(xiàng)將puzzle替換為question，characteristics替換為traits，由此確定答案。

第35題答案：B

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第9段：One possibility is that these traits are lost and then simply reappear, in much the same way that similar structures can independently arise in unrelated species, such as the dorsal fins of sharks and killer whales.

答案解析：根據(jù)shark與killer whale定位到這句話。根據(jù)原文，它們是用來(lái)說(shuō)明，相似的特征可以獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)在不相關(guān)的物種上。B選項(xiàng)將arise替換為occurance，unrelated替換為different，用particular feature指代dorsal fins，由此確定答案。

第36題答案：D

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第9段：Another more intriguing possibility is that the genetic information needed to make toes somehow survived for tens or perhaps hundreds of millions of years in the lizards and was reactivated.

答案解析：第9段提到了這一現(xiàn)象的兩種解釋。一種認(rèn)為這些特征消失之后再次出現(xiàn)，而另一種則認(rèn)為相應(yīng)的基因信息一直保存下來(lái)。前一種在選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)，后一種則與D選項(xiàng)的描述相符合，由此確定答案。

第37題答案：NOT GIVEN

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：無(wú)

答案解析：原文中只是提到Wagner研究了南美蜥蜴，而沒(méi)有說(shuō)他是否是第一個(gè)這樣做的人。題干屬于無(wú)中生有，由此判斷答案為NOT GIVEN。

第38題答案：YES

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第8段：According to his analysis of the Bachia family tree, the toed species re-evolved toes from toeless ancestors

答案解析：題干中的每個(gè)信息點(diǎn)在這句話中都能夠找到對(duì)應(yīng)，而且?guī)缀鯖](méi)有任何同義替換，很容易判斷答案為YES。

第39題答案：NO

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第10段：Early embryos of many species develop ancestral features.

答案解析：原文中提到，許多物種的早期胚胎都發(fā)展出其祖先的特征。題干中rare的說(shuō)法與原文描述相反，因此判斷答案為NO。

第40題答案：YES

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：第10段：If for any reason this does not happen, the ancestral feature may not disappear, leading to an atavism.

答案解析：原文中提到，如果因?yàn)槟撤N原因?qū)е略摍C(jī)制（子宮中的發(fā)育程序）沒(méi)有起作用，祖先的特征就可能不會(huì)消失，導(dǎo)致返祖的現(xiàn)象。題干中的描述與此完全一致，因此判斷答案為YES。

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