Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案，今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個(gè)問題。

一、Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福聽力原文：

In this course,we’ll look at the basic problems every economy must face.We’ll focus on the modern industrial economy,and how it solves the problems of what,how,and for whom goods are produced.We’ll examine the market mechanism,how the problems of production are solved through a system of markets and prices.

The market system isn’t perfect.In fact,it’s far from perfect,but it’s one way to solve the problems of production.Let me just say one thing before we go on.No human economy today is purely a market economy.What we have in most capitalist societies today is known as a mixed economy.

In a mixed economy,the markets and the government share economic control over the direction of the market.The government has an important role in regulating business activity.A pure market system would have no government intervention—just consumers and businesses interacting through markets to determine the answers to the basic questions of economic organization.

OK.It’s essential to understand how a pure market system works.Basically,it works like this:consumers are kind of like voters.They use their money like votes to buy what they want.My votes compete with your votes over the goods we both want to buy.The consumers with the most dollar votes have the most influence over what gets produced and to whom goods go.In economics,the consumer is king.

The consumer is like a king—or a dictator,really,if we’re talking about a pure market system.In a pure market,the consumer would dictate the type and quantity and price of the goods that get produced.Of course,it’s not exactly like that in the real world because real consumers don’t always have complete information about goods,and,of course,real consumers can be influenced by advertising.

OK.Let’s take a look at how the consumer’s money votes operate in the marketplace.What I mean is,we’ll examine the theory of the two central economic forces:supply and demand,and how they influence each other and are eventually brought into balance by the price of the good.

First,let’s consider demand.In economics,“demand”refers to the amount of a good or service that people are ready to buy.Generally speaking,the quantity that people will buy depends on the price.The higher the price of a good,the less of it people will buy.The lower the price,the more they’ll buy.So you can see there’s a definite relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.The connection between price and quantity is clear.When the price of a good is raised,consumer demand for it goes down.But when the price falls,demand increases,as more people will be willing and able to buy it at a lower price.

OK.That’s demand.Now,what about supply?In economics,“supply”means how much of a good producers are willing to supply.Goods are supplied by businesses.Businesses—if they’re competitive—they don’t supply goods for fun.They supply goods for profit.They’ll supply more of a good when the price is high because it’s more profitable to do so.But when the price is low,producers will choose to supply some other more profitable good instead.

I’ve just given you the briefest summary of market economics.Tomorrow we’ll look at just how supply and demand work in a real-world mixed economy.We’ll see how the market price of a good is a function of supply and demand...how the price is a sort of agreement between the people who sell a good and the people who buy it.

二、Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福聽力中文翻譯：

在本課程中，我們將探討每個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體都必須面對的基本問題。我們將關(guān)注現(xiàn)代工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)，以及它如何解決生產(chǎn)什么、如何生產(chǎn)以及為誰生產(chǎn)商品的問題。我們將研究市場機(jī)制，以及如何通過市場和價(jià)格體系解決生產(chǎn)問題。

市場體系不完善。事實(shí)上，這還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠完美，但這是解決生產(chǎn)問題的一種方法。在我們繼續(xù)之前，我只想說一件事。今天，沒有一種人類經(jīng)濟(jì)是純粹的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)。我們今天在大多數(shù)資本主義社會(huì)所擁有的是一種混合經(jīng)濟(jì)。

在混合經(jīng)濟(jì)中，市場和政府共同控制著市場的方向。政府在規(guī)范商業(yè)活動(dòng)方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。一個(gè)純粹的市場體系沒有政府干預(yù)，只有消費(fèi)者和企業(yè)通過市場進(jìn)行互動(dòng)，以確定經(jīng)濟(jì)組織基本問題的答案。

好啊理解一個(gè)純粹的市場體系是如何運(yùn)作的是至關(guān)重要的?；旧?，它是這樣運(yùn)作的：消費(fèi)者有點(diǎn)像選民。他們像投票一樣用自己的錢來買自己想要的東西。在我們都想買的商品上，我的票與你的票競爭。擁有最多美元票數(shù)的消費(fèi)者對生產(chǎn)什么以及商品流向誰的影響最大。在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中，消費(fèi)者是王者。

如果我們談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)純粹的市場體系，那么消費(fèi)者就像一個(gè)國王或獨(dú)裁者。在純市場中，消費(fèi)者會(huì)決定生產(chǎn)的商品的類型、數(shù)量和價(jià)格。當(dāng)然，這與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界并不完全一樣，因?yàn)檎鎸?shí)的消費(fèi)者并不總是擁有關(guān)于商品的完整信息，當(dāng)然，真實(shí)的消費(fèi)者也會(huì)受到廣告的影響。

好啊讓我們看看消費(fèi)者的金錢投票在市場上是如何運(yùn)作的。我的意思是，我們將研究兩種核心經(jīng)濟(jì)力量的理論：供給和需求，以及它們?nèi)绾蜗嗷ビ绊懀⒆罱K通過商品價(jià)格達(dá)到平衡。

首先，讓我們考慮一下需求。在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中，“需求”是指人們準(zhǔn)備購買的商品或服務(wù)的數(shù)量。一般來說，人們購買的數(shù)量取決于價(jià)格。商品價(jià)格越高，人們購買的商品就越少。價(jià)格越低，他們會(huì)買得越多。所以你可以看到一種商品的價(jià)格和需求量之間存在著一定的關(guān)系。價(jià)格和數(shù)量之間的聯(lián)系很清楚。當(dāng)一種商品的價(jià)格上漲時(shí)，消費(fèi)者對它的需求就會(huì)下降。但當(dāng)價(jià)格下跌時(shí)，需求就會(huì)增加，因?yàn)楦嗟娜嗽敢獠⑶夷軌蛞愿偷膬r(jià)格購買。

好啊這就是需求?，F(xiàn)在，供應(yīng)如何？在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中，“供給”意味著一個(gè)好的生產(chǎn)者愿意提供多少。商品由企業(yè)提供。企業(yè)如果有競爭力，就不會(huì)提供好玩的商品。他們供應(yīng)商品是為了盈利。當(dāng)價(jià)格高時(shí)，他們會(huì)提供更多的商品，因?yàn)檫@樣做更有利可圖。但當(dāng)價(jià)格較低時(shí)，生產(chǎn)商將選擇提供其他更有利可圖的商品。

我剛剛給了你市場經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的最簡要的總結(jié)。明天，我們將看看在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的混合經(jīng)濟(jì)中，供需是如何運(yùn)作的。我們將看到一種商品的市場價(jià)格是如何隨供求關(guān)系變化的。。。價(jià)格是銷售商品的人和購買商品的人之間達(dá)成的一種協(xié)議。

三、Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福聽力問題：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Basic problems in every society

B.How a market economy works

C.The power of consumers

D.Economics as a career choice

Q2:Why does the professor say this:

A.To complain about government’s power over business

B.To give examples of economic organizations

C.To criticize the unfairness of the capitalist system

D.To contrast a pure market economy with a mixed economy

Q3:What does the professor mean when she says this:

A.Consumers prefer buying goods that are well made.

B.Consumers have the right to vote to elect their leaders.

C.Consumers use their money like votes when they buy goods.

D.Consumers and voters are both manipulated by advertising.

Q4:According to the professor,why does the demand for a good increase when the price decreases?

A.Decreasing the price will improve the quality of the good.

B.More people are able to buy the good at the lower price.

C.Suppliers have higher production costs and higher profits.

D.Consumers will have access to a greater variety of goods.

Q5:What does the professor imply about the supply of a good?

A.The supply of a good can increase,but never decrease.

B.An economist determines how much of a good to supply.

C.Producers have little control over the supply of a good.

D.The supply of a good is directly related to its price.

Q6:

What will the next lecture probably be about?

A.Examples of how supply and demand affect prices

B.Why the market system is not fair to consumers

C.How the factory system developed in the real world

D.Market economics in communist and tribal societies

四、Operation Mechanism of Market Economy托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：D

A3:正確答案：C

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：D

A6:正確答案：A

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