劍橋雅思9Test3閱讀Passage2原文翻譯Tidal Power

劍橋雅思9 Test3 Passage2閱讀原文翻譯

引言

Undersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain.It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have,but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the future

利用潮汐發(fā)電的水下渦輪機(jī)將注定成為英國(guó)可再生能源的重要來源。預(yù)測(cè)其具體的影響程度還為時(shí)過早，但所有跡象都表明它們將在未來發(fā)揮重要作用。

自然段A

Operating on the same principle as wind turbines,the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships propellers,but,unlike wind,the tides are predictable and the power input is constant.The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions.If tide,wind and wave-power are all developed,Britain would be able to close gas,coal and nuclear plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe.Unlike wind power which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry,undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.

與風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)的工作原理相同，海洋渦輪機(jī)的動(dòng)力來自潮汐。它使得像船舶螺旋槳一樣的葉片轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。但與風(fēng)不同，潮汐是可預(yù)測(cè)的，并且動(dòng)力輸入是恒定的。該技術(shù)提高了英國(guó)可再生能源自給自足，并大幅度減少其二氧化碳排放的前景。如果潮汐，風(fēng)能和波浪能都發(fā)展良好，英國(guó)將能夠關(guān)閉天然氣，燃煤和核電站，并向歐洲其他地區(qū)出口可再生能源。與英國(guó)最初開發(fā)，然后廢棄20年，使得荷蘭將其作為主要產(chǎn)業(yè)的風(fēng)力發(fā)電不同，海底渦輪機(jī)可以成為日本和新西蘭等島國(guó)的主要出口收入來源。

自然段B

Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth or more of the UK’s power—and at prices competitive with modern gas turbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry.One site alone,the Pentland Firth,between Orkney and mainland Scotland,could produce 10%of the country’s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea,and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,2000 megawatts of Britain’s largest and newest nuclear plant,Sizewell B,in Suffolk.Other sites identified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland,particularly the channel between Campbelltown and Northern Ireland.

已經(jīng)確定潮汐發(fā)電站將產(chǎn)生英國(guó)六分之一或更多的電力。其價(jià)格與現(xiàn)代燃?xì)鉁u輪機(jī)相比具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，并削弱本已陷入困境的核能發(fā)電的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。位于奧克尼和蘇格蘭大陸之間的彭特蘭峽灣(Pentland Firth)一個(gè)地方，就可以利用海底渦輪機(jī)產(chǎn)生全國(guó)10%的電力。而位于海峽群島奧爾德尼島的另一個(gè)發(fā)電站所產(chǎn)生的電量是英國(guó)最 大、最 新的位于薩?？说腟izewell B核電廠發(fā)電量(12000兆瓦)的三倍。其他已經(jīng)確定的位置包括布里斯托爾海峽和蘇格蘭的西海岸，尤其坎特伯雷和北愛爾蘭之間的海峽。

自然段C

Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are well advanced at the University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group.The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the Department of Trade and Industry and the European Union.AbuBakn Bahaj,in charge of the Southampton research,said:‘The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant.The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design,because of wind power and ship propellers.There are a few technical difficulties,but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farm.Southampton has been rewarded￡215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines,a subsidiary of IT power,on the Lynmouth project.EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power,80%round the coasts of Britain.The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there are strong tidal currents.

南安普敦大學(xué)可持續(xù)能源研究小組的新型渦輪葉片和站點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)工作已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)展。第 一站預(yù)計(jì)將很快在德文郡林茅斯附近安裝，以便在由貿(mào)易和工業(yè)部與歐盟共同投資的合資企業(yè)中測(cè)試該技術(shù)。負(fù)責(zé)南安普敦研究的阿布巴肯·巴哈伊(AbuBakn Bahaj)表示：“潮汐產(chǎn)生的能源前景遠(yuǎn)勝于風(fēng)能，因?yàn)樗魇强深A(yù)測(cè)的且恒定的。在北海石油工業(yè)中已經(jīng)開發(fā)出用于應(yīng)對(duì)海底不利環(huán)境的技術(shù)，并且由于風(fēng)力和船舶螺旋槳，渦輪葉片設(shè)計(jì)已廣為人知。技術(shù)上有一些困難，但是我相信在未來的五到十年中，我們將安裝可用于商業(yè)化的海底渦輪發(fā)電廠。南安普敦在過去三年中獲得了215,000英鎊的資助，用于開發(fā)渦輪機(jī)，并正與IT電力子公司Marine Current Turbines合作進(jìn)行Lynmouth項(xiàng)目。歐盟的研究現(xiàn)已確定了106個(gè)潛在的潮汐發(fā)電點(diǎn)，其中80%位于英國(guó)沿海。最好的地點(diǎn)是在島嶼之間或在有強(qiáng)烈潮汐的深凹海岸附近。

自然段D

A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of a wind generator to produce three times as much power.The blades will be about 20 meters in diameter,so around 30 meters of water is required.Unlike wind power,there are unlikely to be environmental objections.Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades.Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater cables.The towers will stick out of the water and be lit,to warn shipping,and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.

海洋渦輪葉片僅需是風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)尺寸的三分之一即可產(chǎn)生三倍的功率。葉片直徑約為20米，因此需要約30米深的水。與風(fēng)力發(fā)電不同，它不太可能有環(huán)境方面的反對(duì)意見。人們認(rèn)為魚和其他生物不太可能受到旋轉(zhuǎn)相對(duì)較慢的葉片的威脅。每個(gè)渦輪機(jī)將安裝在塔架上，該塔架通過水下電纜連接到國(guó)家電網(wǎng)。這些塔尖將伸出水面并發(fā)出光亮，以警告船只。它們還應(yīng)被設(shè)計(jì)成可以從水中抬起以進(jìn)行維護(hù)并清潔葉片上的海藻。

自然段E

Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site,where there are powerful currents.The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.

巴哈伊博士已經(jīng)完成了奧爾德尼站點(diǎn)的大部分工作，那里有強(qiáng)大的洋流。單個(gè)海底渦輪發(fā)電場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生的電力將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過海峽群島的需求。大多數(shù)將被輸送到法國(guó)電網(wǎng)，并通過海峽下方的電纜重新輸入英國(guó)。

自然段F

One technical difficulty is cavitation,where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles.These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines.Dr Bahaj said:‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance.Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades.So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be.We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment,but all the signs that we can do it are good.

一項(xiàng)技術(shù)難題是氣蝕，即葉片旋轉(zhuǎn)所產(chǎn)生的低壓將制造氣泡。它們會(huì)引起振動(dòng)并損傷渦輪機(jī)的葉片。巴哈伊博士說：“我們必須測(cè)試多種葉片類型，以避免這種情況的發(fā)生，或者至少確保它不會(huì)損壞渦輪機(jī)或降低其性能。另一個(gè)細(xì)微的問題是漂浮的水下碎片會(huì)撞向葉片。到目前為止，我們還不知道這一問題的麻煩程度。由于海洋不利的環(huán)境，我們將必須使渦輪機(jī)十分堅(jiān)固才行，但我們能做到的所有跡象都是好的。

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