托福紅DeltaTest3聽力Immune Response

托福紅DeltaTest3聽力Immune Response，接下來就跟著中國教育在線的小編詳細了解一下吧。

Immune Response托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Immune Response托福聽力原文：

M:One type of immune response has to do with bees—actually any insect of that class，including hornets and fire ants.If you’ve ever been stung or bitten，you know how painful it is.But stings and bites usually aren’t dangerous，unless you have lots of them at the same time，or unless you have an allergic reaction to the venom.A massive allergic reaction to a sting is known as anaphylaxis.The term anaphylaxis is Greek for“a lack of protection.”But the name is sort of inaccurate.Anaphylaxis is actually a disease，a severe form of allergic，um，over-response by the immune system when it’s suddenly faced with a foreign substance.That foreign substance is the bee’s venom，or in some cases it’s certain foods，like nuts，eggs，and shellfish...or drugs，especially antibiotics like penicillin.Anaphylaxis—or anaphylactic shock—is one of those true emergencies where minutes can make the difference between life and death.It can start within seconds，although sometimes it has a delay of thirty minutes or more.

W:Excuse me，Professor Watson，but how do you recognize it?I mean，there’s a difference between a few seconds and thirty minutes.So how do you...like，how do you know when a person’s in anaphylactic shock?

M:Sometimes it’s hard to identify the real reason why someone is in trouble.Unfortunately，that’s what happened last year to a little girl who ate a peanut cookie at a birthday party.No one who was with her at the time knew she was allergic to peanuts，so they didn’t know why she suddenly went into respiratory distress.The reason，of course，was anaphylaxis.But by the time the medics got there，it was too late，and the girl died.

So，how do we identify anaphylactic shock?The first sign is the victim becomes very weak and feels sick.There may be an itchy rash near the site of the sting，if it’s a bee sting，or a tingling in the mouth，if it’s a food allergy.The tissues of the face and throat may swell up.The chest feels tight，and the person has trouble breathing—this is when every minute，every second matters.The blood pressure drops dangerously low.Finally，the person may lose consciousness and stop breathing.When this happens，the person’s life is in danger.Anaphylactic shock，as you can see，can be life threatening in some cases.

What happens to the immune system?First，it has to be exposed previously to the offending substance—the bee venom，the peanuts，or whatever.People don’t get anaphylaxis from their first bee sting.The immune cells that produce antibodies...they...uh...they have to be sensitized to the offending substance at least once before they overreact to it the second or third time.We don’t understand why some unlucky immune systems go crazy the next time they encounter the same substance.But some immune systems do sort of go crazy.The cells pour out far more antibody than they need.This sets off a whole series of reactions involving the release of histamine into the bloodstream.Histamine makes the blood vessels dilate and get“l(fā)eaky，”and the liquid part of the blood leaks out into the tissues.This is what causes the skin rash，the potentially fatal swelling，the narrowing of the airways，and the drop in blood pressure.The worst part is all of this happens within minutes.

W:Because this can happen so fast—I mean，going into shock—how do we prevent—I mean，is there a way we can stop somebody from dying of this?

M:With anaphylaxis，a few minutes can make the difference between life and death，so the keys to survival are being prepared and acting quickly.The most important tool to have is called an epi-pen—basically an automatic syringe that lets you self-administer the drug epinephrine into your body，a drug that helps combat the effects of anaphylaxis.

二、Immune Response托福聽力中文翻譯：

M：一種類型的免疫反應(yīng)與蜜蜂有關(guān)——實際上是任何這類昆蟲，包括黃蜂和火蟻。如果你曾經(jīng)被蜇過或咬過，你知道它有多痛。但是蜇過和咬過通常并不危險，除非你同時有很多，或者你對毒液有過敏反應(yīng)。對刺痛的大規(guī)模過敏反應(yīng)稱為過敏反應(yīng)。過敏一詞在希臘語中是“缺乏保護”的意思，但這個名字有點不準確。過敏反應(yīng)實際上是一種疾病，一種嚴重的過敏反應(yīng)，當免疫系統(tǒng)突然面對外來物質(zhì)時，免疫系統(tǒng)會產(chǎn)生過度反應(yīng)。這種異物是蜜蜂的毒液，或者在某些情況下是某些食物，如堅果、雞蛋和貝類…或藥物，尤其是抗生素，如青霉素。過敏反應(yīng)或過敏性休克是真正的緊急情況之一，在這種情況下，幾分鐘就能區(qū)分生死。它可以在幾秒鐘內(nèi)啟動，盡管有時會延遲30分鐘或更長時間。

W：對不起，沃森教授，你怎么認識它？我的意思是，幾秒鐘和三十分鐘之間有區(qū)別。那么你怎么…比如，你怎么知道一個人什么時候過敏性休克？

M：有時很難確定某人陷入困境的真正原因。不幸的是，去年一個小女孩在生日派對上吃了花生曲奇，就發(fā)生了這樣的事。當時和她在一起的人都不知道她對花生過敏，所以他們不知道她為什么突然呼吸窘迫。當然，原因是過敏。但當醫(yī)護人員趕到時，已經(jīng)太晚了，女孩死了。

那么，我們?nèi)绾巫R別過敏性休克？第一個跡象是受害者變得非常虛弱，感到惡心。如果是蜜蜂蜇傷，叮傷部位附近可能會有發(fā)癢的皮疹，如果是食物過敏，口腔可能會有刺痛感。面部和喉嚨的組織可能會腫脹。胸部感到緊繃，患者呼吸困難，這是每一分鐘、每一秒都很重要的時候。血壓下降到危險的低點。最后，患者可能失去意識并停止呼吸。當這種情況發(fā)生時，該人的生命處于危險之中。如你所見，過敏性休克在某些情況下可能危及生命。

免疫系統(tǒng)會發(fā)生什么？首先，它必須事先接觸到有害物質(zhì)——蜂毒、花生或任何東西。人們不會因為第一次被蜜蜂蜇而過敏。產(chǎn)生抗體的免疫細胞……他們……呃……在第二次或第三次反應(yīng)過度之前，他們必須至少對這種有害物質(zhì)敏感一次。我們不明白為什么一些不幸的免疫系統(tǒng)下次遇到同樣的物質(zhì)時會發(fā)瘋。但一些免疫系統(tǒng)確實有些瘋狂。這些細胞分泌出的抗體遠遠超過它們所需要的。這引發(fā)了一系列反應(yīng)，包括組胺釋放到血液中。組胺使血管擴張并變得“滲漏”，血液中的液體部分泄漏到組織中。這就是導(dǎo)致皮疹、可能致命的腫脹、氣道狹窄和血壓下降的原因。最糟糕的是，這一切都發(fā)生在幾分鐘內(nèi)。

W：因為這可能發(fā)生得很快，我是說，我們?nèi)绾晤A(yù)防休克，我是指，有什么方法可以阻止某人死于這種疾病嗎？

M：對于過敏反應(yīng)，幾分鐘就可以區(qū)分生死，因此生存的關(guān)鍵是做好準備并迅速采取行動。最重要的工具是epi pen——基本上是一個自動注射器，可以讓你自己將藥物腎上腺素注入體內(nèi)，這種藥物有助于對抗過敏反應(yīng)的影響。

三、Immune Response托福聽力問題：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The components of the immune system

B.Why some people are immune from disease

C.A severe type of immune response

D.Dangers of different types of shock

Q2:According to the professor，what can initiate anaphylaxis?

Click on two answers.

A.Alcohol

B.Bee venom

C.Peanuts

D.A virus

Q3:Why does the professor tell a story about a little girl at a birthday party?

A.To find out which students have children

B.To frighten the class with facts about bees

C.To change the topic of the discussion

D.To stress the serious effects of an allergy

Q4:Why does the professor say this:

A.To stress the mysterious nature of severe immune responses

B.To argue that anaphylaxis is mainly the result of bad luck

C.To point out that scientists disagree over what causes allergies

D.To suggest that people are crazy to eat offending substances

Q5:The professor describes what happens during anaphylactic shock.Indicate whether each sentence below is a step in the process.

For each sentence，click in the correct box.

Q6:What can be inferred about surviving anaphylaxis?

A.It is impossible for children to survive anaphylaxis.

B.Only a few people have ever survived anaphylaxis.

C.Survival depends on immediate medical treatment.

D.The professor knows someone who survived the disease.

四、Immune Response托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：BC

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：A

A5:正確答案：AABAB

A6:正確答案：C

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